Term | Definition |
adams apple | thyroid cartilage supportice structure of larynx |
adenoids | collection of lymphoid tissue in nasopharyxy; tonsils |
alveolus | air sac at end of each bronchiole |
apex | top of lung |
base | bottom of lung |
bronchiole | fine subdivision of brnochi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers |
bronchus | 1 of two airways from tachea to lungs |
cilia | hairlike extensions of cells surface that usually procide some protection of sweeping foreign particles away |
diaphragm | membranous muscle between ab and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes with breathing |
epiglottis | cartilaginous flap that coers larynx during swallowing to prevent food from etering airway |
exhlation | breathing out |
expiration | exhalation |
external nares/nostrils | external openings at base of nose |
external respiration | echagne of air between body and outside environment |
glottis | part of larynx consisting of vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle |
hilum | midsection of lung where nerves and vessels enter and exit |
hypopharynx | laryngopharynx |
inferior lobe | bottome lobe |
inhalation | breathing in |
inspiration | inhalation |
intercostal muscles | muscles between ribs |
internal respiration | exchange of o2 and co2 between cells |
laryngopharynx | below and behind larynx |
laryngx | organ of voice production in respiratory tract between pharynx and trachea; voice box |
lung | 1 of two organs of respiration when oxgenation of blood takes place |
mediastinum | median portion of thoracic cavity ; septum betwen two areas of organ |
middle lobe | middle section of right lung |
nasal cavity | opening in external nose where air enters body |
nasal septum | cartilaginous division of external nose |
nasopharynx | portion of throat above soft palate |
nose | external structure supported by nasal bones and contains nasal cavity |
oropharynx | back portion of mouth |
palatine tonsils | lymphatic tissue that works as part of immune system |
paranasal sinuses | area of nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in muscous membrane lining |
parietal pleura | outer layer of pleura |
pharynx | passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat |
pleura | double layer of membrane making up outside of lungs |
pleural cavity | space between two pleura |
erspiratory system | bodys system for breathing |
respirattroy tract | ppassagways thru which air moves into and out of lungs |
septum | cartilaginous division |
soft palate | flexible musclular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx |
superior lobe | top lobe |
thorax | chest cavity |
trachea | airway from larynx into bronchi; windpipe |
visceral pleura | inner layer of pleura |
vocal cords | strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a mjor role in production of sound |
adenoido | adenoid |
alveolo | alveolus |
broncho bronchio | bronchus |
bronchiolo | bronchiole |
capno | carbon dioxide |
epiglotto | epiglottis |
laryngo | larynx |
lobo | lobe of lung |
mediastino | mediastinum |
naso | nose |
oro | mouth |
oxo oxi oxy | oxygen |
pharyngo | pharynx |
phono | voice sound |
phreno | diaphragm |
pleuro | pleura |
pneumo pneumono | air lung |
rhino | nose |
spiro | breathing |
stetho | chest |
thoraco | thorax chest |
tonsillo | tonsils |
tracheo | trachea |
abg | arterial blood gases diagnostic test |
afb | acid fast bacillus causes tuberculosis |
a& p | auscultation and percussion |
ap | anteroposterior |
ard | acute respiratory disease |
ards | adult respiratory distress syndrome |
arf | acute respiratory failure |
bs | breath sounds |
cod | chronic obstructive lung disease |
copd | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
cpr | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
dpt | diphtheria pertuss tetanus (combined vaccination) |
ent | ear nose throat |
et tube | endotracheal intubation tube |
fef | forced expiratory flow |
fev | forced expiratory volume |
fvc | forced vital capacity |
hbot | hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
imv | intermittent mandatory ventilation |
ippb | intermittent positve pressure breathing |
irds | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
irv | inspiratory reserve volume |
cta | clear to auscultation |
cxr | chest xray |
doe | dyspnea on exertion |
mdi | metered dose inhaler |
pa | posteroanterior |
pcp | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pneumonia suscetible to aids patients) |
peep | positive end expiratory pressure |
pft | pulmonary function test |
pnd | paroxysmal noturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip |
rd | respiratory disease |
rds | respiratory distress syndrome |
rll | right lower lobe |
rul | right upper lobe |
lll | left lower lobe |
lul | left upper lobe |
mbc | maximal breathing capacity |
sars | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
sids | sudden infant death syndrome |
sob | shortness of breath |
t&a | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
tb | tubercolosis |
tlc | total lung capacity |
tpr | temp pulse and respiration |
uri | upper respiratory infection |
vc | vital capactiy |
v/q scan | ventilation/perfusion scna |
arterial blood gases | lab test that measures leevel of o2 and co2 in arterial blood |
auscultation | listening to internal sounds with stethoscope |
bronchial alveolar lavage | retrieval of fluid for examination thru bronchoscope |
broncnial brushing | retraival of material for biospy by insertino of brush thru bronchoscope |
bronchography | radiological picture of trachea and bronchi |
bronchoscope | device used to examine airways |
endoscope | tube used to view body cavity |
laryngoscopy | visual exmination of mouth and larynx using endoscope |
mediastinoscopy | visual examination of medistinum and all organs within it using endoscope |
nasopharyngoscopy | exmination of nasal passages and pharynx using endoscope |
peak flow meter | device for measuring breathing capacity |
percussion | tapping on surface of body to see if lungs are clear |
pulmonary function tests | tests that measure the mechanics of breathing |
spirometer | testing machine that measures the lungs volume and capacity |
sputum sample or culture | culte of material that is expectorated or borught back up as mucus |
sweat test | test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat |
throat culture | test for strep or other infections in which swab taken on surface of throat is placed in culture to see if cerani bacteria grow |
adenoiditis | inflammation of adenoids |
anthracosis | lung disease caused by long term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease |
apnea | cessation of breathing |
asbestosis | lung disorder caused by long term inhalation of asbestos |
asthma | chonic condition with obstruction or narrowing of bronchial airways |
atelectasis | collapse of lung or part of one |
bacilli | type of bacteria |
braadypnea | abnormally slow breathing |
bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi |
bronchospasm | sudden contraction in bronchi that causes coughing |
chronic bronchitis | recurring or long lasting bouts of bronchitis |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | disease of bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction |
cheyne stokes respiration | irregular breathing patttern with period of apnea followed by deep labored breathing that becomes shallow |
crackles | popping sounds heard in lung collapse rales |
croup | acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants sel like coughing |
cystic fibrosis | disease that cuasese chronic airway obstrucution and also affects the bronchial tubes |
diphtheria | acute infection of throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria |
dysphonia | hoarseness usually aused by laryngitis |
dyspnea | difficult breathing |
emphysema | chronic condition of hyper infaltion of air sacs oftern caused by prolonged smoking |
emphyema | pus in pleural cavity |
epiglotitis | inflammation of epiglotis |
epistaxis | bleeding from nose by trauma or rupture of blood vessels |
eupnea | normal breathing |
hemoptysis | lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in spitting of blood |
hemothorax | blood in pleural cavity |
hyperpnea | abnormally deep breathing |
hypercapnia | excessive buildup of co2 in lungs associated with hypoventilation |
hyperventialtion | abnormally fast breathing in and out from anxiety usually |
hypopnea | shallow breating |
hypoxemia | deficient amount of oxygen in blood |
hypoxia | deficient amount of oxygen in tissue |
hypoventialation | abnormally low movement of air in and out of lungs |
laryngitis | inflammation of larynx |
laryngospams | sudden contraction of larynx which may cause coughing and restrict breathing |
laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of larynx trachea and bronchi |
mesothelioma | rare cance of lungs associated with asbestosis |
nasopharyngitis | inflammation of nose and pharynx |
orthopnea | difficulty breathing especially while laying down |
[ansinusitis | inflammation of sinuses |
paroxysmal | sudden spasm or convulsion |
pertussis | severe infection of pharynx larynx and trachea caused by bacteria whoooping cough |
pharyngitis | inflammation of pharynx; sore throat |
pleural effusion | escape of fluid into pleural cavity |
pleuritis pleurisy | inflammation of pleura |
pneumoconiosis | lung condition caused by inhaling dust |
pneumonia | acute infection of alveoli |
pneumonitis | inflammation of lung |
pneumothorax | accumulation of aire in pleural cavity |
pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus in lungs |
pulmonary edema | fluid in air sacs iand bronchioles usually caused by failure of heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs |
rhinitis | nasal inflammation |
rhinorrhea | nasal discharge |
rhonchi/wheezes | whistling sounds hear on inspiration in certain breathing disorders especially astha |
silicosis | lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks and glas or other material used in manufacutring |
singultus | hiccuping |
sinusitis | inflammation of sinuses |
stridor | high pitched croing sound hear in certain respiratory condition |
tachypnea | abnormally fast breathing |
tonsillitis | inflammation of tonsil |
tracheitis | inflammation of tracea |
tuberculosis | acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli |
upper respiratory infection | infection of upper portion of respiratoy tract |
adenoidectomy | removal of adenoids |
bronchoplasty | surgial repair of bronchus |
endotracheal intubation | insertion of tube thru nose or mouth pharynx and larynx and into trachea to establish airqay |
laryngectomy | removal of larynx |
laryngoccentesis | puncture of larynx |
laryngoplasty | reapir of larynx |
laryngostomy | creation of artifical opening in larynx |
laryngotracheotomy | incision into larynx and trachea |
lobectomy | removal of lobe |
otorhinolaryngologist | medical doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of ear nose and throat |
pleuroccentesis | puncture of pleural space |
pleuropexy | fixing in place of pleua sugically in case of injury or deterioration |
pnemobronchotomy | incision of lung and bronchus |
pneumonectomy | removal of lung |
rhinoplasty | rapir of bones of nose |
septoplasty | rapir of nasal septum |
sinusotomy | incission of sinus |
septostomy | creation of opening in nasal septum |
thoracostomy | establishment of opening in chest cavity |
thoracic surgeon | surgeon who speciallizes in surgery of thorax |
thoracocentesis | puncture of chest cavity |
thorcotomy | incision into chest cavity |
tonsillectomy | removal of tonsils |
tracheoplasty | repair of trachea |
tracheostomy | creation of artiffical opening in trachea |
tracheotomy | incision into trachea |
antitussives | control coughing |
bronchodilators | dilate walls of bronchi |
decongestants | relieve mucus congestion of upper respiratory tract |
expectorants | promote coughing and expelling of mucus |
nebulizers | device that deliver medication thru nose or mouth in fine spray to respiratory tract |
ventilators | mechanical breathing devices |