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Chapter 7
Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adams apple | thyroid cartilage supportice structure of larynx |
| adenoids | collection of lymphoid tissue in nasopharyxy; tonsils |
| alveolus | air sac at end of each bronchiole |
| apex | top of lung |
| base | bottom of lung |
| bronchiole | fine subdivision of brnochi made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers |
| bronchus | 1 of two airways from tachea to lungs |
| cilia | hairlike extensions of cells surface that usually procide some protection of sweeping foreign particles away |
| diaphragm | membranous muscle between ab and thoracic cavities that contracts and relaxes with breathing |
| epiglottis | cartilaginous flap that coers larynx during swallowing to prevent food from etering airway |
| exhlation | breathing out |
| expiration | exhalation |
| external nares/nostrils | external openings at base of nose |
| external respiration | echagne of air between body and outside environment |
| glottis | part of larynx consisting of vocal folds of mucous membrane and muscle |
| hilum | midsection of lung where nerves and vessels enter and exit |
| hypopharynx | laryngopharynx |
| inferior lobe | bottome lobe |
| inhalation | breathing in |
| inspiration | inhalation |
| intercostal muscles | muscles between ribs |
| internal respiration | exchange of o2 and co2 between cells |
| laryngopharynx | below and behind larynx |
| laryngx | organ of voice production in respiratory tract between pharynx and trachea; voice box |
| lung | 1 of two organs of respiration when oxgenation of blood takes place |
| mediastinum | median portion of thoracic cavity ; septum betwen two areas of organ |
| middle lobe | middle section of right lung |
| nasal cavity | opening in external nose where air enters body |
| nasal septum | cartilaginous division of external nose |
| nasopharynx | portion of throat above soft palate |
| nose | external structure supported by nasal bones and contains nasal cavity |
| oropharynx | back portion of mouth |
| palatine tonsils | lymphatic tissue that works as part of immune system |
| paranasal sinuses | area of nasal cavity where external air is warmed by blood in muscous membrane lining |
| parietal pleura | outer layer of pleura |
| pharynx | passageway at back of mouth for air and food; throat |
| pleura | double layer of membrane making up outside of lungs |
| pleural cavity | space between two pleura |
| erspiratory system | bodys system for breathing |
| respirattroy tract | ppassagways thru which air moves into and out of lungs |
| septum | cartilaginous division |
| soft palate | flexible musclular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx |
| superior lobe | top lobe |
| thorax | chest cavity |
| trachea | airway from larynx into bronchi; windpipe |
| visceral pleura | inner layer of pleura |
| vocal cords | strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate and play a mjor role in production of sound |
| adenoido | adenoid |
| alveolo | alveolus |
| broncho bronchio | bronchus |
| bronchiolo | bronchiole |
| capno | carbon dioxide |
| epiglotto | epiglottis |
| laryngo | larynx |
| lobo | lobe of lung |
| mediastino | mediastinum |
| naso | nose |
| oro | mouth |
| oxo oxi oxy | oxygen |
| pharyngo | pharynx |
| phono | voice sound |
| phreno | diaphragm |
| pleuro | pleura |
| pneumo pneumono | air lung |
| rhino | nose |
| spiro | breathing |
| stetho | chest |
| thoraco | thorax chest |
| tonsillo | tonsils |
| tracheo | trachea |
| abg | arterial blood gases diagnostic test |
| afb | acid fast bacillus causes tuberculosis |
| a& p | auscultation and percussion |
| ap | anteroposterior |
| ard | acute respiratory disease |
| ards | adult respiratory distress syndrome |
| arf | acute respiratory failure |
| bs | breath sounds |
| cod | chronic obstructive lung disease |
| copd | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| cpr | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| dpt | diphtheria pertuss tetanus (combined vaccination) |
| ent | ear nose throat |
| et tube | endotracheal intubation tube |
| fef | forced expiratory flow |
| fev | forced expiratory volume |
| fvc | forced vital capacity |
| hbot | hyperbaric oxygen therapy |
| imv | intermittent mandatory ventilation |
| ippb | intermittent positve pressure breathing |
| irds | infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| irv | inspiratory reserve volume |
| cta | clear to auscultation |
| cxr | chest xray |
| doe | dyspnea on exertion |
| mdi | metered dose inhaler |
| pa | posteroanterior |
| pcp | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pneumonia suscetible to aids patients) |
| peep | positive end expiratory pressure |
| pft | pulmonary function test |
| pnd | paroxysmal noturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip |
| rd | respiratory disease |
| rds | respiratory distress syndrome |
| rll | right lower lobe |
| rul | right upper lobe |
| lll | left lower lobe |
| lul | left upper lobe |
| mbc | maximal breathing capacity |
| sars | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| sids | sudden infant death syndrome |
| sob | shortness of breath |
| t&a | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| tb | tubercolosis |
| tlc | total lung capacity |
| tpr | temp pulse and respiration |
| uri | upper respiratory infection |
| vc | vital capactiy |
| v/q scan | ventilation/perfusion scna |
| arterial blood gases | lab test that measures leevel of o2 and co2 in arterial blood |
| auscultation | listening to internal sounds with stethoscope |
| bronchial alveolar lavage | retrieval of fluid for examination thru bronchoscope |
| broncnial brushing | retraival of material for biospy by insertino of brush thru bronchoscope |
| bronchography | radiological picture of trachea and bronchi |
| bronchoscope | device used to examine airways |
| endoscope | tube used to view body cavity |
| laryngoscopy | visual exmination of mouth and larynx using endoscope |
| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of medistinum and all organs within it using endoscope |
| nasopharyngoscopy | exmination of nasal passages and pharynx using endoscope |
| peak flow meter | device for measuring breathing capacity |
| percussion | tapping on surface of body to see if lungs are clear |
| pulmonary function tests | tests that measure the mechanics of breathing |
| spirometer | testing machine that measures the lungs volume and capacity |
| sputum sample or culture | culte of material that is expectorated or borught back up as mucus |
| sweat test | test for cystic fibrosis that measures the amount of salt in sweat |
| throat culture | test for strep or other infections in which swab taken on surface of throat is placed in culture to see if cerani bacteria grow |
| adenoiditis | inflammation of adenoids |
| anthracosis | lung disease caused by long term inhalation of coal dust; black lung disease |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| asbestosis | lung disorder caused by long term inhalation of asbestos |
| asthma | chonic condition with obstruction or narrowing of bronchial airways |
| atelectasis | collapse of lung or part of one |
| bacilli | type of bacteria |
| braadypnea | abnormally slow breathing |
| bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi |
| bronchospasm | sudden contraction in bronchi that causes coughing |
| chronic bronchitis | recurring or long lasting bouts of bronchitis |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | disease of bronchial tubes or lungs with chronic obstruction |
| cheyne stokes respiration | irregular breathing patttern with period of apnea followed by deep labored breathing that becomes shallow |
| crackles | popping sounds heard in lung collapse rales |
| croup | acute respiratory syndrome in children or infants sel like coughing |
| cystic fibrosis | disease that cuasese chronic airway obstrucution and also affects the bronchial tubes |
| diphtheria | acute infection of throat and upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria |
| dysphonia | hoarseness usually aused by laryngitis |
| dyspnea | difficult breathing |
| emphysema | chronic condition of hyper infaltion of air sacs oftern caused by prolonged smoking |
| emphyema | pus in pleural cavity |
| epiglotitis | inflammation of epiglotis |
| epistaxis | bleeding from nose by trauma or rupture of blood vessels |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| hemoptysis | lung or bronchial hemorrhage resulting in spitting of blood |
| hemothorax | blood in pleural cavity |
| hyperpnea | abnormally deep breathing |
| hypercapnia | excessive buildup of co2 in lungs associated with hypoventilation |
| hyperventialtion | abnormally fast breathing in and out from anxiety usually |
| hypopnea | shallow breating |
| hypoxemia | deficient amount of oxygen in blood |
| hypoxia | deficient amount of oxygen in tissue |
| hypoventialation | abnormally low movement of air in and out of lungs |
| laryngitis | inflammation of larynx |
| laryngospams | sudden contraction of larynx which may cause coughing and restrict breathing |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of larynx trachea and bronchi |
| mesothelioma | rare cance of lungs associated with asbestosis |
| nasopharyngitis | inflammation of nose and pharynx |
| orthopnea | difficulty breathing especially while laying down |
| [ansinusitis | inflammation of sinuses |
| paroxysmal | sudden spasm or convulsion |
| pertussis | severe infection of pharynx larynx and trachea caused by bacteria whoooping cough |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of pharynx; sore throat |
| pleural effusion | escape of fluid into pleural cavity |
| pleuritis pleurisy | inflammation of pleura |
| pneumoconiosis | lung condition caused by inhaling dust |
| pneumonia | acute infection of alveoli |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of lung |
| pneumothorax | accumulation of aire in pleural cavity |
| pulmonary abscess | large collection of pus in lungs |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in air sacs iand bronchioles usually caused by failure of heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs |
| rhinitis | nasal inflammation |
| rhinorrhea | nasal discharge |
| rhonchi/wheezes | whistling sounds hear on inspiration in certain breathing disorders especially astha |
| silicosis | lung condition caused by silica dust from grinding rocks and glas or other material used in manufacutring |
| singultus | hiccuping |
| sinusitis | inflammation of sinuses |
| stridor | high pitched croing sound hear in certain respiratory condition |
| tachypnea | abnormally fast breathing |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of tonsil |
| tracheitis | inflammation of tracea |
| tuberculosis | acute infectious disease caused by bacteria called bacilli |
| upper respiratory infection | infection of upper portion of respiratoy tract |
| adenoidectomy | removal of adenoids |
| bronchoplasty | surgial repair of bronchus |
| endotracheal intubation | insertion of tube thru nose or mouth pharynx and larynx and into trachea to establish airqay |
| laryngectomy | removal of larynx |
| laryngoccentesis | puncture of larynx |
| laryngoplasty | reapir of larynx |
| laryngostomy | creation of artifical opening in larynx |
| laryngotracheotomy | incision into larynx and trachea |
| lobectomy | removal of lobe |
| otorhinolaryngologist | medical doctor who diagnoses and treats disorders of ear nose and throat |
| pleuroccentesis | puncture of pleural space |
| pleuropexy | fixing in place of pleua sugically in case of injury or deterioration |
| pnemobronchotomy | incision of lung and bronchus |
| pneumonectomy | removal of lung |
| rhinoplasty | rapir of bones of nose |
| septoplasty | rapir of nasal septum |
| sinusotomy | incission of sinus |
| septostomy | creation of opening in nasal septum |
| thoracostomy | establishment of opening in chest cavity |
| thoracic surgeon | surgeon who speciallizes in surgery of thorax |
| thoracocentesis | puncture of chest cavity |
| thorcotomy | incision into chest cavity |
| tonsillectomy | removal of tonsils |
| tracheoplasty | repair of trachea |
| tracheostomy | creation of artiffical opening in trachea |
| tracheotomy | incision into trachea |
| antitussives | control coughing |
| bronchodilators | dilate walls of bronchi |
| decongestants | relieve mucus congestion of upper respiratory tract |
| expectorants | promote coughing and expelling of mucus |
| nebulizers | device that deliver medication thru nose or mouth in fine spray to respiratory tract |
| ventilators | mechanical breathing devices |
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