Term | Definition |
three types of blood cells | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Platelets |
White Blood cells | Leukocytes, and they fight infection and disease |
Platelets | initiate blood clotting process |
red blood cells | Erythrocytes, responsible for oxygen transplant, 120 day life span |
Hematopoiesis | production of blood cells in the red bone marrow |
Plasma | 55% of whole body, 90-92% of water and 8-10% is dissolved substances |
Plasma Proteins | Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen |
Albumin | helps transport fatty substances |
Globulin | gamma globulins are antibodies |
Fibrinogen | blood clotting protein |
hemoglobin Hgb, Hb, HBG | gives erythrocytes their red color, blood protein |
Spleen | removes worn out erythrocytes, iron can be reused and Bilirubin is waste product disposed of by the liver |
Granulocytes | have granules in cytoplasm, three types of Leukocytes are granulocytes |
Agranulocytes | no granules in cytoplasm, two types of Leukocytes are agranulocytes |
Basophils | Granulocyte; release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue |
Eosinphils | Granulocyte; destroy parasites and increase during allergic reaction |
Neutrophils | Granulocyte; important for phagocytes |
Monocytes | Agranulocyte; important for phagocytes |
Lymphocytes | Agranulocyte; provides protection through immunity |
Platelets | older term is thrombocyte; critical in blood clotting, hemostasis |
Type A blood | produces anti-B antibodies which attack type B and type AB blood |
Type B blood | produces anti-A antibodies which attach type A and AB blood |
Type 0 | Universal Donor; will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies |
Type AB blood | Universal receiver |
Rh+ | has Rh factor on erythrocytes, will not make anti-Rh antibodies, can recieve both Rh+ and Rh- blood transfusion |
Rh- | does not have Rh on erythrocytes, will produce anti-Rh antibodies, can only receive Rh- blood transfusions |
hemorrage | rapid flow of blood |
fibrinogen | fiber producing |
fibrinolysis | fiber destruction |
fibrinous | pertaining to fibers |
hemolysis, hemolytic | blood destruction |
hematologist | blood specialist |
erythrocytosis | too many red cells |
leukocytosis | too may white cells |
thrombocytosis | too many clotting cells |
erythropenia | to few red cells |
leukopenia | too few white cells |
thrombopenia | too few clotting cells |
pancytopenia | too few all cells |
blood clot | hard collection of fibrin, blood cells and tissue debris, end result of hemostasis |
coagulate | to convert a liquid to a solid; as in blood clotting |
dyscrasia | general term for disease affecting blood |
hematology | branch of medicine specializing in blood conditions; physician is a hematologist |
hematoma | collection of blood under skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels |
hemostatsis | to stop bleeding or stagnation of blood flow through tissues |
packed cells | transfusion of only blood cells without cells |
whole blood | mixture of both plasma and formed elements |
hemophilia | genetic disorder, blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor |
hyperlipidemia | excessive level of lipids in the blood stream, risk factor for atherosclerosis |
anemia | group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues |
aplastic anemia | severe anemia in which red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant |
hemolytic anemia | results from exessive loss of RBCs |
iron deficiency anemia | results from insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs |
pernicious anemia | insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make enough RBCs |
Polycythemia vera | condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly |
sicke cell anemai | gentetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sicke shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia |
leukemia | cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs cirulating in blood stream |
Blood culture & sensitivity (C&S) | blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines best antibiotic to use |
complete blood count (CBC) | set of blood tests; RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and plateet count |
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube; indicates presence of inflammation in body |
Hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit) | measures volume of RBCs |
hemoglobin test (Hgb, Hb) | measures how long needed for blood to coagulate and form a clot |
red blood cell count (RBC) | measures number of RBCs |
White blood cell count (WBC) | measures number of leukocytes |
white blood cell differential (diff) | determines the number of each type of WBC |