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chapter 6
review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| three types of blood cells | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Platelets |
| White Blood cells | Leukocytes, and they fight infection and disease |
| Platelets | initiate blood clotting process |
| red blood cells | Erythrocytes, responsible for oxygen transplant, 120 day life span |
| Hematopoiesis | production of blood cells in the red bone marrow |
| Plasma | 55% of whole body, 90-92% of water and 8-10% is dissolved substances |
| Plasma Proteins | Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen |
| Albumin | helps transport fatty substances |
| Globulin | gamma globulins are antibodies |
| Fibrinogen | blood clotting protein |
| hemoglobin Hgb, Hb, HBG | gives erythrocytes their red color, blood protein |
| Spleen | removes worn out erythrocytes, iron can be reused and Bilirubin is waste product disposed of by the liver |
| Granulocytes | have granules in cytoplasm, three types of Leukocytes are granulocytes |
| Agranulocytes | no granules in cytoplasm, two types of Leukocytes are agranulocytes |
| Basophils | Granulocyte; release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue |
| Eosinphils | Granulocyte; destroy parasites and increase during allergic reaction |
| Neutrophils | Granulocyte; important for phagocytes |
| Monocytes | Agranulocyte; important for phagocytes |
| Lymphocytes | Agranulocyte; provides protection through immunity |
| Platelets | older term is thrombocyte; critical in blood clotting, hemostasis |
| Type A blood | produces anti-B antibodies which attack type B and type AB blood |
| Type B blood | produces anti-A antibodies which attach type A and AB blood |
| Type 0 | Universal Donor; will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies |
| Type AB blood | Universal receiver |
| Rh+ | has Rh factor on erythrocytes, will not make anti-Rh antibodies, can recieve both Rh+ and Rh- blood transfusion |
| Rh- | does not have Rh on erythrocytes, will produce anti-Rh antibodies, can only receive Rh- blood transfusions |
| hemorrage | rapid flow of blood |
| fibrinogen | fiber producing |
| fibrinolysis | fiber destruction |
| fibrinous | pertaining to fibers |
| hemolysis, hemolytic | blood destruction |
| hematologist | blood specialist |
| erythrocytosis | too many red cells |
| leukocytosis | too may white cells |
| thrombocytosis | too many clotting cells |
| erythropenia | to few red cells |
| leukopenia | too few white cells |
| thrombopenia | too few clotting cells |
| pancytopenia | too few all cells |
| blood clot | hard collection of fibrin, blood cells and tissue debris, end result of hemostasis |
| coagulate | to convert a liquid to a solid; as in blood clotting |
| dyscrasia | general term for disease affecting blood |
| hematology | branch of medicine specializing in blood conditions; physician is a hematologist |
| hematoma | collection of blood under skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels |
| hemostatsis | to stop bleeding or stagnation of blood flow through tissues |
| packed cells | transfusion of only blood cells without cells |
| whole blood | mixture of both plasma and formed elements |
| hemophilia | genetic disorder, blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive level of lipids in the blood stream, risk factor for atherosclerosis |
| anemia | group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues |
| aplastic anemia | severe anemia in which red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant |
| hemolytic anemia | results from exessive loss of RBCs |
| iron deficiency anemia | results from insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs |
| pernicious anemia | insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make enough RBCs |
| Polycythemia vera | condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly |
| sicke cell anemai | gentetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sicke shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia |
| leukemia | cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs cirulating in blood stream |
| Blood culture & sensitivity (C&S) | blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines best antibiotic to use |
| complete blood count (CBC) | set of blood tests; RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and plateet count |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) | determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube; indicates presence of inflammation in body |
| Hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit) | measures volume of RBCs |
| hemoglobin test (Hgb, Hb) | measures how long needed for blood to coagulate and form a clot |
| red blood cell count (RBC) | measures number of RBCs |
| White blood cell count (WBC) | measures number of leukocytes |
| white blood cell differential (diff) | determines the number of each type of WBC |
Created by:
dfargo
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