Question | Answer |
Describe the location of the AV valves? | Between the atria and ventricles AV. |
describe the location of the heart? | in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in a space called mediastenum. |
Explain what is the endocardium? | The innermost layer of the heart. |
Explain the function of the endocardium? | Cover the inside part of the heart, and prevent blood cell destruction and clotting. |
Describe what is the myocardium? | Middle and contractile layer of the heart. |
Explain what is made up the myocardium? | Of special striated muscles fibers with strong connection with each other and branches that ensure a unified and simultaneous contraction. |
Explain of what is made the heart skeleton? | Made up of four rings of thick connective tissue. |
Describe the four rings of the heart skeleton? | Provide a solid connection between the heart chambers and a strong attachment for the heart valves. |
Explain what is the pericardium? | outermost layer of the heart. |
Identify where is the pericardium attached? | with ligaments to the spinal column and diaphragm fixing the heart in its position. |
Describe the parietal pericardium? | Outside layer of the heart pericadium. |
Describe the visceral pericardium? | Inner layer of the heart pericardium. |
Describe the two layers of pericardium? | separated by a thin layer of fluid to prevent friction. |
Describe the septum? | Structure in the middle of the heart, and it divides the heart into two sides. |
Describe the right side of the heart? | Pumps deoxygenated blood with low pressure from the veins into the lungs and left side. |
Describe the left side of the heart? | Pumps oxygenated blood with high pressure toward the tissues through arteries. |
Explain what are the four chambers of the heart? | The right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. |
Identify the location of the right and left atria? | Top of the ventricles and receive blood from the lungs and veins. |
Describes the right atrium and the function? | receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body via the superior vena cava which carries blood from the upper body. |
Identify the abbreviation of the right atrium? | RA. |
Describe what type of blood receives the right atrium? | Deoxygenated blood. |
Identify from where the right atrium receives blood? | From the coronary sinus. |
Explain what is the coronary sinus? | The largest vein that drains the heart muscle's deoxygenated blood. |
Describes what type of blood receives the right ventricle? | Deoxygenated blood. |
Identify where is the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood? | Pumps to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary trunk and then to the pulmonary arteries. |
Explain what are the pulmonary arteries? | Only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood. |
Explain why the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood? | Because they are going away from the heart. |
Describe the left atrium? | receives deoxygenated blood returning from the lungs. |
Identify what via left atrium receives oxygenated blood? | Via the right and left pulmonary veins. |
Explain what are the pulmonary veins? | Veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. |
Explain why the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood? | Because they are going towards the heart. |
Describe the left ventricle? | receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium. |
Identify where the left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood? | Pumps it to the body through the aorta. |
Explain what is the aorta? | It is the largest artery of the body. |
Explain what is the purpose of the heart valves? | to prevent blackflow of blood thereby assuring uni-directional flow thru the heart. |
Explain where the atrioventricular valves are located? | between the atria and ventricles. |
Identify one characteristic of the atrioventricular valves? | They have tough fibrous rings. |
Explain how are the cuspids in the atrioventricular valves? | Long and strong leaflets. |
Describe the accessory organs that have the atrioventricular valves? | Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae. |
Identify where is located the tricuspid valve? | Between the right atrium and the right ventricle. |
Identify how many cusps or leaflets are in the tricuspid valve? | Three cusps or leaflets. |
describe the location of the bicuspid valve? | Between the left atrium and the left ventricle. |
Identify how many cusps or leaflets are in the bicuspid mitral valve? | Two cusps or leaflets. |
Explain why the valves are called semilunar? | Because they have half-moon shaped leaflets. |
Identify one characteristic of the semilunar valves? | They have shallow in depth. |
Explain how many leaflets are in the semilunar valves? | Three leaflets. |
Identify one characteristic of the semilunar valves? | They have no accesory organs. |
Explain the location of the pulmonic valve? | it is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. |
Explain where is located the aortic valve? | Between the left ventricle and aorta. |
Describe what are the first branches coming out of aorta? | The right and left coronary arteries. |
Describe what type of blood supply the right and left coronary arteries? | They supply the heart with oxygenated blood. |
Describe what occurs during diastole in the coronary arteries? | The blood runs through these arteries during diastole. |
describe where is located the coronary arteries? | it is located on the epicardium. |
Identify how many branches have the left coronary artery? | It has two branches left anterior descending (LAD). |
Explain what is the one main artery that supplies the right side of the heart? | The right coronary artery (RCA) |
Identify what are the periods of the cardiac cycle? | Systole and diastole. |
Explain the period of systole? | Period of contractions of both atria and ventricles. |
Identify the period of diastole? | Period of relaxation and filling of all cardiac chambers. |
Identify what causes the heart sounds? | by the closure of the heart valves. |
Identify what is the S1 first heart sound? | Lubb. |
Explain when occurs the Lubb? | It occurs during the ventricle contraction and the closure of AV valves. |
Identify what is the S2 Second heart sound? | Dupp. |
Explain when occurs the S2 second heart sound? | It occurs during ventricular relaxation. |