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EKG/MHS

QuestionAnswer
Describe the location of the AV valves? Between the atria and ventricles AV.
describe the location of the heart? in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in a space called mediastenum.
Explain what is the endocardium? The innermost layer of the heart.
Explain the function of the endocardium? Cover the inside part of the heart, and prevent blood cell destruction and clotting.
Describe what is the myocardium? Middle and contractile layer of the heart.
Explain what is made up the myocardium? Of special striated muscles fibers with strong connection with each other and branches that ensure a unified and simultaneous contraction.
Explain of what is made the heart skeleton? Made up of four rings of thick connective tissue.
Describe the four rings of the heart skeleton? Provide a solid connection between the heart chambers and a strong attachment for the heart valves.
Explain what is the pericardium? outermost layer of the heart.
Identify where is the pericardium attached? with ligaments to the spinal column and diaphragm fixing the heart in its position.
Describe the parietal pericardium? Outside layer of the heart pericadium.
Describe the visceral pericardium? Inner layer of the heart pericardium.
Describe the two layers of pericardium? separated by a thin layer of fluid to prevent friction.
Describe the septum? Structure in the middle of the heart, and it divides the heart into two sides.
Describe the right side of the heart? Pumps deoxygenated blood with low pressure from the veins into the lungs and left side.
Describe the left side of the heart? Pumps oxygenated blood with high pressure toward the tissues through arteries.
Explain what are the four chambers of the heart? The right and left atria and the right and left ventricles.
Identify the location of the right and left atria? Top of the ventricles and receive blood from the lungs and veins.
Describes the right atrium and the function? receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body via the superior vena cava which carries blood from the upper body.
Identify the abbreviation of the right atrium? RA.
Describe what type of blood receives the right atrium? Deoxygenated blood.
Identify from where the right atrium receives blood? From the coronary sinus.
Explain what is the coronary sinus? The largest vein that drains the heart muscle's deoxygenated blood.
Describes what type of blood receives the right ventricle? Deoxygenated blood.
Identify where is the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood? Pumps to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary trunk and then to the pulmonary arteries.
Explain what are the pulmonary arteries? Only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.
Explain why the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood? Because they are going away from the heart.
Describe the left atrium? receives deoxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
Identify what via left atrium receives oxygenated blood? Via the right and left pulmonary veins.
Explain what are the pulmonary veins? Veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood.
Explain why the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood? Because they are going towards the heart.
Describe the left ventricle? receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium.
Identify where the left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood? Pumps it to the body through the aorta.
Explain what is the aorta? It is the largest artery of the body.
Explain what is the purpose of the heart valves? to prevent blackflow of blood thereby assuring uni-directional flow thru the heart.
Explain where the atrioventricular valves are located? between the atria and ventricles.
Identify one characteristic of the atrioventricular valves? They have tough fibrous rings.
Explain how are the cuspids in the atrioventricular valves? Long and strong leaflets.
Describe the accessory organs that have the atrioventricular valves? Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae.
Identify where is located the tricuspid valve? Between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Identify how many cusps or leaflets are in the tricuspid valve? Three cusps or leaflets.
describe the location of the bicuspid valve? Between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Identify how many cusps or leaflets are in the bicuspid mitral valve? Two cusps or leaflets.
Explain why the valves are called semilunar? Because they have half-moon shaped leaflets.
Identify one characteristic of the semilunar valves? They have shallow in depth.
Explain how many leaflets are in the semilunar valves? Three leaflets.
Identify one characteristic of the semilunar valves? They have no accesory organs.
Explain the location of the pulmonic valve? it is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
Explain where is located the aortic valve? Between the left ventricle and aorta.
Describe what are the first branches coming out of aorta? The right and left coronary arteries.
Describe what type of blood supply the right and left coronary arteries? They supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
Describe what occurs during diastole in the coronary arteries? The blood runs through these arteries during diastole.
describe where is located the coronary arteries? it is located on the epicardium.
Identify how many branches have the left coronary artery? It has two branches left anterior descending (LAD).
Explain what is the one main artery that supplies the right side of the heart? The right coronary artery (RCA)
Identify what are the periods of the cardiac cycle? Systole and diastole.
Explain the period of systole? Period of contractions of both atria and ventricles.
Identify the period of diastole? Period of relaxation and filling of all cardiac chambers.
Identify what causes the heart sounds? by the closure of the heart valves.
Identify what is the S1 first heart sound? Lubb.
Explain when occurs the Lubb? It occurs during the ventricle contraction and the closure of AV valves.
Identify what is the S2 Second heart sound? Dupp.
Explain when occurs the S2 second heart sound? It occurs during ventricular relaxation.
Created by: MHS/Laura
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