Question | Answer |
what class is ipatropium | anticholinergic |
what class is theophylline | methylxanthines |
common long acting beta agonist (LABA) | salmeterol, formoterol |
common short acting beta agonist (SABA) | albuterol, levalbuterol |
what is the hallmark of asthma? | decreased forced expiatory volume |
asthma remodeling results in what? | permanent structural changes |
major characteristics of asthma | bronchial hyper-responsiveness
airway inflammation
airway obstruction |
what is a contraindication to asthma corticosteroids? | hypersensitivity to mile products |
first step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | SABA PRN |
second step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | Low dose ICS |
third step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | low dose ICS and LABA or medium dose ICS |
fourth step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | Medium dose ICS and LABA |
fifth step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | high dose ICS and LABA |
sixth step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | high dose ICS and LABA and oral corticosteroid |
LABA should NEVER be used without accompanying.... | corticosteriod |
pathophysiology of COPD | chronic airflow limitation
inflammation within airways, pulmonary vasculature and lung parenchyma |
COPD changes include: | lung parynchemia
decreased elastic recoil
decreased force of expiration
flattening of diaphragm |
In a diagnosis of COPD what is the FEV1/FVC ? | <70% |
In the COPD GOLD classification system, _____ and _____ automatically places the patient in stage IV: very severe catergory. | right sided heart failure and chronic respiratory failure |
True of False: none of the medications used for COPD have been shown to modify long term lung function | True |
what is prescribed for patients with group A in the COPD GOLD algorithm | SAMA or SABA |
what is prescribed for patients with group B in the COPD GOLD algorithm | LAMA or LABA |
what is prescribed for patients with group C in the COPD GOLD algorithm | ICS and LABA or LAMA |
what is prescribed for patients with group D in the COPD GOLD algorithm | ICS and LABA and LAMA |
What is the fist choice treatment plan for mild to moderate URI symptoms? | 1st choice is oral:
antihistamine (non-sedating)&
decongestant |
what is the second choice for mild to moderate URI symptoms? | second choice is nasal:
nasal antihistamines
intranasal cromolyn &
leukotriene receptor antagoinst |
ointments | increased lubrication and occlusion
use for dry or thick hyperkertotic lesion
avoid in hairy areas |
creams | mix of water and oil suspension
well absorbed into the skin
less potent than ointments
no occlusive effects |
lotions | less greasy and occlusive
contains alcohol and has drying effect
useful in hairy areas |
gels | beneficial for exudative inflammation (poison ivy)
dries quickly
applied to scalp or hairy areas |
with dermatologic agents topical antifungals, how long must you treat? | until complete turnover of skin |
what is the hallmark of bacterial conjunctivitis? | purulent drainage |
what is the hallmark of viral conjunctivitis? | clear drainage |
Name a common LAMA | spiriva |
name a common SAMA | atrovent |