| Question | Answer |
| what class is ipatropium | anticholinergic |
| what class is theophylline | methylxanthines |
| common long acting beta agonist (LABA) | salmeterol, formoterol |
| common short acting beta agonist (SABA) | albuterol, levalbuterol |
| what is the hallmark of asthma? | decreased forced expiatory volume |
| asthma remodeling results in what? | permanent structural changes |
| major characteristics of asthma | bronchial hyper-responsiveness
airway inflammation
airway obstruction |
| what is a contraindication to asthma corticosteroids? | hypersensitivity to mile products |
| first step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | SABA PRN |
| second step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | Low dose ICS |
| third step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | low dose ICS and LABA or medium dose ICS |
| fourth step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | Medium dose ICS and LABA |
| fifth step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | high dose ICS and LABA |
| sixth step in NAEPP guidelines in pharm. approach to asthma | high dose ICS and LABA and oral corticosteroid |
| LABA should NEVER be used without accompanying.... | corticosteriod |
| pathophysiology of COPD | chronic airflow limitation
inflammation within airways, pulmonary vasculature and lung parenchyma |
| COPD changes include: | lung parynchemia
decreased elastic recoil
decreased force of expiration
flattening of diaphragm |
| In a diagnosis of COPD what is the FEV1/FVC ? | <70% |
| In the COPD GOLD classification system, _____ and _____ automatically places the patient in stage IV: very severe catergory. | right sided heart failure and chronic respiratory failure |
| True of False: none of the medications used for COPD have been shown to modify long term lung function | True |
| what is prescribed for patients with group A in the COPD GOLD algorithm | SAMA or SABA |
| what is prescribed for patients with group B in the COPD GOLD algorithm | LAMA or LABA |
| what is prescribed for patients with group C in the COPD GOLD algorithm | ICS and LABA or LAMA |
| what is prescribed for patients with group D in the COPD GOLD algorithm | ICS and LABA and LAMA |
| What is the fist choice treatment plan for mild to moderate URI symptoms? | 1st choice is oral:
antihistamine (non-sedating)&
decongestant |
| what is the second choice for mild to moderate URI symptoms? | second choice is nasal:
nasal antihistamines
intranasal cromolyn &
leukotriene receptor antagoinst |
| ointments | increased lubrication and occlusion
use for dry or thick hyperkertotic lesion
avoid in hairy areas |
| creams | mix of water and oil suspension
well absorbed into the skin
less potent than ointments
no occlusive effects |
| lotions | less greasy and occlusive
contains alcohol and has drying effect
useful in hairy areas |
| gels | beneficial for exudative inflammation (poison ivy)
dries quickly
applied to scalp or hairy areas |
| with dermatologic agents topical antifungals, how long must you treat? | until complete turnover of skin |
| what is the hallmark of bacterial conjunctivitis? | purulent drainage |
| what is the hallmark of viral conjunctivitis? | clear drainage |
| Name a common LAMA | spiriva |
| name a common SAMA | atrovent |
