term | meaning |
adrenal cortex | outer section of each adrenal gland |
adrenal medulla | inner section of each adrenal gland |
ovaries | two endocrine glands in a female's lower abdomen |
pancreas | endocrine gland behind the stomach |
parathyroid glands | four small endocrine glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland |
pituitary glands (hypophysis) | endocrine land at the base of the brain |
testes | two endocrine glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male |
thyroid gland | endocrine gland in the neck |
adrenaline | produced by the adrenal medulla |
adrenocorticotropic hormone | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) also called adrenocorticotropin |
aldosterone | produced by the adrenal cortex |
androgen | male hormone produced by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex |
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) |
calcitonin | produced by the thyroid gland |
cortisol | produced by the adrenal cortex |
epinephrine | produced by the adrenal medulla |
estradiol | an estrogen produced by the ovaries |
estrogen | female hormone produced by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex |
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) |
glucagon | hormone produced by the alpha islet cells of the pancreas |
growth hormone (GH) | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
insulin | produced by the beta islet cells of the pancreas |
luteinizing hormone (LH) | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
noreponephrine | produced by the adrenal medulla and as a sympathomimetic increases heart rate and blood pressure |
oxytocin (OT) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
parathormone (PTH) | produced by the parathyroid glands |
progesterone | produced by the ovaries |
prolactin (PRL) | produced by the anterior |
somatotropin | produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) |
testoterone | male hormone produced by the testes |
thyroxine (T4) | produced by the thyroid gland |
triiodothyronine (T3) | produced by the thyroid gland |
vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
catecholamines | hormones dervied from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla |
corticosteriods | hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
electrolyte | mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells |
glucocorticoid | hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex |
gonadocorticoid | sex hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex |
homeostasis | tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
hormone | substance produced by an endocrine gland that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland |
hypothalamus | region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland |
mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body |
receptor | cellular protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
sella turcica | cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
steroid | complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made |
sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system |
target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected by specific hormones |