Question | Answer |
flexion | increase joint movement, bending |
extension | straightening out |
abduction | away from midline |
adduction | towards midline |
lateral flexion | bend a joint or body part to the side |
rotation | left or right |
lateral rotation | away from midline |
medial rotation | towards midline |
dorsiflexion | superior surface of foot....lifting foot up |
plantarflexion | sole of foot.....planting foot on floor |
inversion | foot inwards |
eversion | foot outwards |
supine | belly up |
prone | face down |
study of movement | kinesiology |
compensation | defense mechanism that allows one to avoid the unpleasant or painful stimuli |
why do patients compensate | to avoid pain |
balance | ability to control equilibrium |
equilibrium | at 0 acceleration, state of perfect balance, no wobbling or falling over |
what structures assist with our sense of equilibrium and balance | eyes and ears
joint kinesioreceptors
muscles and tendon receptors |
factor assist in balance | center of gravity falls with the base |
factor assist in balance | size of the base |
factor assist in balance | proportion to the weight |
factor assist in balance | height of the center of gravity |
factor assist in balance | ears, eyes and kinesthetic sense |
center of gravity falls out of the base | imbalance |
a wider stance or base for a heavier person | balance |
standing on tip toes | imbalance |
an inner ear infection with fluid accumulation | imbalance |
being on a rocky boat | imbalance |
a pregnant woman | balance |
what are the 2 areas in the body that are center of gravity | c1 and skull
sacral lumbar |
muscle contraction | muscle fibers shorten |
muscle relaxation | muscle returns to original state |
isometric muscle contraction | no movement occurs |
isotonic muscle contraction | movement occurs |
what are two types of isotonic contraction | walking and exercise |
concentric contraction | muscle shortens and moves against resistance |
eccentric contraction | muscle lengthens and works against resistance |
synergist | muscle that performs, or helps perform |
the two primary dysfunctions are | neuromuscular and mechanical dysfunctions |
agonist muscle | muscle contracting |
antagonist | elongated- opposite of mover |
H.O.P.S. | history, observation. palpation, special test |
what are the 3 reasons for taking a history before giving a massage or providing treatment | R/O contraindications
choose modalities that are safe
provide referral |
genu varum | bow legs |
genu valgus | knock knees |
genu recurvatum | knees in severe extension |
hallux valgus | great toe is bent or twisted outward |
hallux varum | bunion |
three factors that influence a client posture | genetics, disease, life style |
palpation | means to feel |
four T's | temp, tone, texture, and tenderness |
what is manual resistive testing | confirm and elaborate unfindings from the active and passive |
what tissue doe MR asses | inert tissues |
what factor may affect the clients ROM test | willingness to move
muscle strength
coordination
range of motion |
apley scratch test | mobility of the shoulder joint; adhesive capsulitis |
phalens test | carpal tunnel syndrome |
cervical distraction | peripheral nerve impingement |
straight leg test | nerve root impingement of the lumbar region |
a characteristic of muscle tissue is the ability of the muscle to recover from strenuous exercise and vigorous massage. What time frame is given for a muscle to recover | 5 days |
MTS should take of note of gait....examples | what moves to much....
whats not moving enough |
the stance phase of gait consists of the | foot patterns |
a stance phase begins with a | heal strike |
the swing phase of gait consist of the | arm movement |
when a client describes an inability to perform normal activities of daily living, inability to function at home or work you are now assessing their | functional assessment |
normal adult walking consists of | head leads, arms move, flexion & extension of hip joints, etc |
the postural muscles are primarily | flexors & extensors |
three factors that influence a clients posture are | lifestyle, disease, genetics |
what tissue does AROM assess | contractile tissue and muscle tendon unit |
what tissue does PROM assess | inert tissue (joint, cartilage, soft tissue) |
what function of muscle does MR test | strength |
what factors may affect the client ROM test | willingness to move / muscle strength / cordination / ROM |
ROM is measured in | degress |
the degree chart is a full circle | 360 |
half of a degree circle is | 180 |
one quarter of a degree circle is | 90 |
a manual resistive test will produce findings of | discomfort and lack of strength |