Term | Definition |
Ante | Before |
Antepartum | Of or occurring in the period before childbirth |
Gravida | Pregnancy |
Nullipara | No past pregnancy. |
Primigravida | A woman in her first pregnancy. |
Para | Births beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy |
Gestational Age | Age of the fetus in terms of development based on last day of last menstrual period (in terms of weeks) |
Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before 20th week of gestation. |
Postpartum | after childbirth |
Multipara | a woman who has delivered more than one viable infant |
Primipara | A woman who is pregnant for the first time |
Multigravida | Multiple births |
TPAL system | T-Term Infants
P-Preterm Infants
A-Aborted Pregnancies
L-Living Children now. |
Sue had two children at 40 weeks, one child at 32 weeks, no abortions or miscarriages and all three children are living. | Gravida3Para2103 |
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy | Amenorrhea
Nausea and vomiting
Breast changes
Urinary frequency
Fatigue
Quickening
Change in shape of abdomen
Skin changes
Chadwick’s sign |
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy: Definition | : indicators that a woman may be pregnant, but these signs may also be indicators of other conditions not related to pregnancy. |
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy:Other causes of amenorrhea must be ruled out | 1)Strenuous exercise.
2)Low body weight.
3)Endocrine problems.
4)Early menopause.
5)Anovulation.
6)Fatigue.
7)Emotional stress.
8)Chronic disease. |
Probable Signs of Pregnancy | *Done by an examiner
Goodell's sign
Abdominal enlargement
Hegar's sign
Braxton-Hicks
Ballottement
Fetal outline
Pregnancy tests |
Probable Signs (objective signs)of Pregnancy: | ): they are observable during the physical and obstetrical exam and can be documented by the examiner. |
Positive Signs of Pregnancy: Accepted Signs | Fetal Heartbeat
Fetal Movements
Visualization of Fetus |
Goodell's sign | softening of the cervix; a sign of pregnancy. |
Hegar's sign | softening of the lower uterine segment; indicative of pregnancy. |
Braxton-Hicks | contractions are sporadic uterine contractions that start about 6 weeks into your pregnancy, although you won't be able to feel them that early. |
Ballottement | increased fluid in the suprapatellar pouch over the patella at the knee joint |
Duration of Pregnancy: Average | 40 weeks |
Duration of Pregnancy: Trimesters | 13-week Parts |
Nagele's Rule | Identify the first day of the last normal menstrual period
Count backward 3 months
Add 7 days |
Gestational Wheel | an electronic calculator for this purpose, physical examination, ultrasound, or a combination of these methods. |
Which is more accurate in determining a pregnancy, blood test or urine test? | Blood Test |
Amenorrhea is often the first sign of pregnancy. What are some other signs? | N/V, ABD distension |
What does trimester mean? | 13 week |
Name methods to determine the EDD? | Gestational Wheel. Nagele's Rule. |
Nurse’s Role in Prenatal Care: Objectives | A safe birth for mom and baby
Risk assessment
Health education
Counseling
Social support
Psychological support
Adequate antepartum care |
Initial Prenatal Visit | Obtain demographic data
Obtain obstetrical history
Complete past and present medical/surgical history is obtained
Physical examination |
Follow-up Care | Woman and her partner are encouraged to attend all prenatal appointments
Educated about all health care options
Prenatal visits provide for continuing assessment
Normal activity should continue
Nutrition is reviewed |
Physiological Changes During Pregnancy | Rest/Sleep
Activity/Exercise
Employment Planning
Bathing
Hot Tubs/Saunas
Douching
Clothing
Travel |
What is the recommendation for exercise during pregnancy? | Normal Routine as long as not over exertion. |
Pregnancy Common Discomforts | Nausea
Round Ligament Pain
Urinary Frequency
Backache
Constipation
Varicosities
Hemorrhoids
Heartburn
Nasal Stuffiness and Epistaxis
Dyspnea
Ankle Edema |
Principles of Proper Nutrition | Nutrient needs greater during pregnancy
Optimal nutrition reduces risk of complications
Nutrient needs increase more than calorie needs |
Important Nutrients | Protein – 25 g/day
Calcium – 1000mg/day
Iron – 30 mg/day
Folic Acid – 0.6mg/day
Fluid intake - 8 glasses of fluid/day, mostly water |
Special Considerations | Pregnant Adolescents
Sodium Intake
Pica
Lactose Intolerance
Gestational Diabetes
SUBSTANCE ABUSE |
Name four key nutrients in pregnancy: | Protein-Calcium-Iron-Folic Acid |
How much weight should a normal weight woman gain during pregnancy? | 25-35lbs |
Psychological Adaptations: First Trimester | Focus on self
Uncertainty
Ambivalence |
Psychological Adaptations: Second Trimester | Physical Evidence of pregnancy.
Fetus as primary focus.
Nascissism and introversion.
Body Image.
Changes in sexuality. |
Psychological Adaptations: Third Trimester | Velnerability.
Increasing dependence.
Preparation for birth. |
Describe the impact on the mother during the first trimester. | Focus on self
Uncertainty
Ambivalence
Conflicting feelings. |
Emotional Changes | Impact on the father.
Impact on the grandparents. |
What is the impact on pregnancy on grandparents. | Age
Number of kids
Generation Gap |
Cultural Practices and Beliefs | Communication is key
Modesty is important, especially to Latinos, Middle Eastern, and Asian women
Incorporate health beliefs into teaching as much as possible
Accept and support practices that are harmless |
How can you communicate with a patient that does not speak your language? | Professional Interpreter
Or other means.
Family is an absolute last resort! |
Is it okay for a pregnant woman to follow cultural traditions? | Yes. But be mindful of the health and safety or the mother and baby. |
Patients with Special Needs | Absence of a Partner
Adolescents
Older couple |
To whom does a single parent turn to for help? | Anyone close to them.
A parent.
You. |
Childbirth Preparation | Prepared Childbirth Benefits
Methods of Prepared Childbirth
-Dick-Read Method
-Bradley Method
-Lamaze
Types of Classes
Content of Classes |
Dick-Read Method | a psychophysiological preparation for childbirth. This technique alleviates pain during childbirth by blocking feelings of fear and tension. |
Bradley Method | embraces the idea that childbirth is a natural process and that, with the right preparation, most women can avoid pain medication and routine interventions during labor and birth. |