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M6 13-005
Exam 9: Prenatal Care
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ante | Before |
| Antepartum | Of or occurring in the period before childbirth |
| Gravida | Pregnancy |
| Nullipara | No past pregnancy. |
| Primigravida | A woman in her first pregnancy. |
| Para | Births beyond 20 weeks of pregnancy |
| Gestational Age | Age of the fetus in terms of development based on last day of last menstrual period (in terms of weeks) |
| Abortion | Termination of pregnancy before 20th week of gestation. |
| Postpartum | after childbirth |
| Multipara | a woman who has delivered more than one viable infant |
| Primipara | A woman who is pregnant for the first time |
| Multigravida | Multiple births |
| TPAL system | T-Term Infants P-Preterm Infants A-Aborted Pregnancies L-Living Children now. |
| Sue had two children at 40 weeks, one child at 32 weeks, no abortions or miscarriages and all three children are living. | Gravida3Para2103 |
| Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy | Amenorrhea Nausea and vomiting Breast changes Urinary frequency Fatigue Quickening Change in shape of abdomen Skin changes Chadwick’s sign |
| Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy: Definition | : indicators that a woman may be pregnant, but these signs may also be indicators of other conditions not related to pregnancy. |
| Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy:Other causes of amenorrhea must be ruled out | 1)Strenuous exercise. 2)Low body weight. 3)Endocrine problems. 4)Early menopause. 5)Anovulation. 6)Fatigue. 7)Emotional stress. 8)Chronic disease. |
| Probable Signs of Pregnancy | *Done by an examiner Goodell's sign Abdominal enlargement Hegar's sign Braxton-Hicks Ballottement Fetal outline Pregnancy tests |
| Probable Signs (objective signs)of Pregnancy: | ): they are observable during the physical and obstetrical exam and can be documented by the examiner. |
| Positive Signs of Pregnancy: Accepted Signs | Fetal Heartbeat Fetal Movements Visualization of Fetus |
| Goodell's sign | softening of the cervix; a sign of pregnancy. |
| Hegar's sign | softening of the lower uterine segment; indicative of pregnancy. |
| Braxton-Hicks | contractions are sporadic uterine contractions that start about 6 weeks into your pregnancy, although you won't be able to feel them that early. |
| Ballottement | increased fluid in the suprapatellar pouch over the patella at the knee joint |
| Duration of Pregnancy: Average | 40 weeks |
| Duration of Pregnancy: Trimesters | 13-week Parts |
| Nagele's Rule | Identify the first day of the last normal menstrual period Count backward 3 months Add 7 days |
| Gestational Wheel | an electronic calculator for this purpose, physical examination, ultrasound, or a combination of these methods. |
| Which is more accurate in determining a pregnancy, blood test or urine test? | Blood Test |
| Amenorrhea is often the first sign of pregnancy. What are some other signs? | N/V, ABD distension |
| What does trimester mean? | 13 week |
| Name methods to determine the EDD? | Gestational Wheel. Nagele's Rule. |
| Nurse’s Role in Prenatal Care: Objectives | A safe birth for mom and baby Risk assessment Health education Counseling Social support Psychological support Adequate antepartum care |
| Initial Prenatal Visit | Obtain demographic data Obtain obstetrical history Complete past and present medical/surgical history is obtained Physical examination |
| Follow-up Care | Woman and her partner are encouraged to attend all prenatal appointments Educated about all health care options Prenatal visits provide for continuing assessment Normal activity should continue Nutrition is reviewed |
| Physiological Changes During Pregnancy | Rest/Sleep Activity/Exercise Employment Planning Bathing Hot Tubs/Saunas Douching Clothing Travel |
| What is the recommendation for exercise during pregnancy? | Normal Routine as long as not over exertion. |
| Pregnancy Common Discomforts | Nausea Round Ligament Pain Urinary Frequency Backache Constipation Varicosities Hemorrhoids Heartburn Nasal Stuffiness and Epistaxis Dyspnea Ankle Edema |
| Principles of Proper Nutrition | Nutrient needs greater during pregnancy Optimal nutrition reduces risk of complications Nutrient needs increase more than calorie needs |
| Important Nutrients | Protein – 25 g/day Calcium – 1000mg/day Iron – 30 mg/day Folic Acid – 0.6mg/day Fluid intake - 8 glasses of fluid/day, mostly water |
| Special Considerations | Pregnant Adolescents Sodium Intake Pica Lactose Intolerance Gestational Diabetes SUBSTANCE ABUSE |
| Name four key nutrients in pregnancy: | Protein-Calcium-Iron-Folic Acid |
| How much weight should a normal weight woman gain during pregnancy? | 25-35lbs |
| Psychological Adaptations: First Trimester | Focus on self Uncertainty Ambivalence |
| Psychological Adaptations: Second Trimester | Physical Evidence of pregnancy. Fetus as primary focus. Nascissism and introversion. Body Image. Changes in sexuality. |
| Psychological Adaptations: Third Trimester | Velnerability. Increasing dependence. Preparation for birth. |
| Describe the impact on the mother during the first trimester. | Focus on self Uncertainty Ambivalence Conflicting feelings. |
| Emotional Changes | Impact on the father. Impact on the grandparents. |
| What is the impact on pregnancy on grandparents. | Age Number of kids Generation Gap |
| Cultural Practices and Beliefs | Communication is key Modesty is important, especially to Latinos, Middle Eastern, and Asian women Incorporate health beliefs into teaching as much as possible Accept and support practices that are harmless |
| How can you communicate with a patient that does not speak your language? | Professional Interpreter Or other means. Family is an absolute last resort! |
| Is it okay for a pregnant woman to follow cultural traditions? | Yes. But be mindful of the health and safety or the mother and baby. |
| Patients with Special Needs | Absence of a Partner Adolescents Older couple |
| To whom does a single parent turn to for help? | Anyone close to them. A parent. You. |
| Childbirth Preparation | Prepared Childbirth Benefits Methods of Prepared Childbirth -Dick-Read Method -Bradley Method -Lamaze Types of Classes Content of Classes |
| Dick-Read Method | a psychophysiological preparation for childbirth. This technique alleviates pain during childbirth by blocking feelings of fear and tension. |
| Bradley Method | embraces the idea that childbirth is a natural process and that, with the right preparation, most women can avoid pain medication and routine interventions during labor and birth. |
Created by:
jtzuetrong
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