Term | Definition |
acetabulum | hip socket |
acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade |
calcaneus | heel bone |
calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone |
cancellous bone | spongy bone tissue |
cartilage | flexible, connective tissue |
cervical vertebrae | backbones in the neck |
chondrocostal | pertaining to rib cartilage |
clavicle | collar bone |
coccyx | tailbone |
collagen | connective tissue |
Colles fracture | fracture of the wrist |
comminuted fracture | splintered, crushed bone |
compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue |
condyle | knuckle process |
cranial bones | skull bones |
craniotome | instrument to cut skull |
craniotomy | incision into skull |
crepitus | crackling sound |
decalicification | removal of calcium in bones |
diaphysis | shaft long bone |
epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
epiphysis | end of long bone |
ethmoid bone | cranial skull bone within the nasal cavity |
Ewing sarcoma | malignant bone tumor |
exostosis | bone spurr growing out |
facial bones | bones of the face |
femoral | pertaining to the femur |
femur | thigh bone |
fibula | lower leg; smaller |
fibular | pertaining to the lower leg bone |
fissure | slit |
fontanelle | soft spot |
foramen | opening |
fossa | depression; shallow cavity |
frontal bone | forehead |
haversian canals | canals in bone blood vessels |
humeral | pertaining to the humerus |
humerus | upper arm bone |
hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
iliac | pertaining to the ilium |
ilium | flaring hip bone |
impacted fracture | one fragment impacted |
ischial | pertaining to the ischium |
ischium | part of the hip bone (posterior part of the pelvic bone) |
kyphosis | abnormal condition of posterior curvature in the thoracic region |
lacrimal bones | two small, thin bones located at the corner of each eye |
lamina | part of the vertebral arch |
laminectomy | removal of lamina |
lordosis | abnormal condition of anterior curvature in the lumbar region |
lumbar vertebrae | third set of five vertebral bones in the lumbar |
lumbosacral | pertaining to the lumbar and sacrum |
malleolar | pertaining to the malleolus |
mandible | lower jaw bone |
mandibular | pertaining to the mandible |
manubrium | upper portion of the sternum |
mastoid process | round projection of the temporal bone behind the ear |
medullary cavity | central hollowed-out area in the shaft of the long bone |
metacarpals | hand bones |
metacarpectomy | removal of hand bones |
metaphysis | flared portion of the long bone between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate |
metatarsalgi | pain in the foot bones |
metatarsals | foot bones |
myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow |
nasal bones | two slender bones that support the bridge of the nose |
occipital bone | back and base of the skull |
olecranon | elbow |
orthopedics | straightening bone |
osseous tissue | bony tissue |
ossification | forming bone |
osteitis | inflammation of the bone |
osteoblast | immature bone cell |
osteoclast | breaking down bone tissue |
osteodystrophy | poor development of bone |
osteogenesis imperfecta | bones are brittle and fragile |
osteogenic sarcoma | malignant bone tumor |
osteomalacia | softening of bones |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection |
osteopenia | bone mineral density is lower than normal |
osteoporosis | abnormal increase in porosity |
osteotome | instrument to cut bone |
parietal bones | bones that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium |
patella | kneecap |
pelvimetry | measurement of the pelvis |
periosteum | membrane that lines bones |
peroneal | pertaining to the fibula |
phalangeal | pertaining to the phalanges |
phalanges | fingers and toe bones |
phosphorus | mineral found in bones (along with calcium) |
pubic symphysis | joint in the front of hips; joins hip bones together |
pubis | anterior part of the pelvic bone |
radial | pertaining to the radius |
radius | forearm bone- thumb side |
red bone marrow | found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
reduction | restoration of bones to its normal position |
ribs | 12 pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall |
sacral vertebrae | five separate bones that fuse in a young child |
scapula | shoulder blade |
scapular | pertaining to the scapula |
scoliosis | lateral curve of the spine |
sella turcica | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located |
sinus | hollow air cavity of the bone |
sphenoid bone | cranial bone behind the eyes |
spondylolisthesis | forward slipping of the backbone |
spondylosis | abnormal condition of the backbones |
sternum | breast bone |
styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
subcostal | pertaining to below the ribs |
supraclavicular | pertaining to above the collar bones |
suture | immovable joint between bones, such as the skull |
talipes | club foot |
tarsals | bones of the hindfoot (ankle bones) |
tarsectomy | removal of the tarsals (ankle bones) |
temporal bones | form lower sides and the base of the cranium |
temporomandibular joint | connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone and mandibular bone |
thoracic vertebrae | second set of 12 vertebrae |
tibia | shin bone |
tibial | pertaining to the tibia |
trabeculae | supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone |
trochanter | large bump below the neck of the femur |
tubercle | rounded small process on bone |
tuberosity | rounded process on bone |
ulna | forearm bone- little finger side |
ulnar | pertaining to the ulna |
vertebra; vertebrae | 33 bones that form the spinal column |
vertebroplasty | surgical repair of the backbones |
vomer | forms lower portion of the nasal septum |
xiphoid process | tip (end) sternum |
yellow bone marrow | fat |
zygomatic bones | form the high portion of the cheeks |
articular cartilage | cartilage in joint |