Term | Definition |
an/o- | no; not; without |
bar/o- | pressure; weight |
chol/e- | bile; gall |
cholecyst/o- | gallbladder |
col/o | colon (large intestine) |
colon/o- | colon (large intestine) |
dent/o- | tooth |
dont/o- | tooth |
duoden/o- | duodenum |
enter/o- | intestines (usually small intestine) |
esophag/o- | esophagus |
gastr/o- | stomach |
gloss/o- | tongue |
hepat/o- | liver |
ile/o- | ileum |
jejun/o- | jejunum |
lingu/o- | tongue |
lith/o- | stone, calculus |
or/o- | mouth |
pancreat/o- | pancreas |
phag/o- | eat; swallow |
proct/o- | anus and rectum |
rect/o- | rectum |
sigmoid/o- | sigmoid colon |
stomat/o- | mouth |
-emesis | vomiting |
-lithiasis | the presence, condition, or formation of stones |
-pepsia | digestion |
-phagia | eating; swallowing |
aerophagia | The swallowing of air, whether deliberately to stimulate belching, accidentally, or as an involuntary habit. |
amebic dysentery | inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica |
anastomosis | communication between vessels by collateral channels. |
anorexia nervosa | a psychiatric disorder characterized by an unrealistic fear of weight gain, self-starvation, and conspicuous distortion of body image. |
antiemetic | a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting. |
aphthous ulcers | a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract. |
ascites | The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling. |
bariatrics | The branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of obesity. |
borborygmus | A rumbling or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines. |
botulism | Food poisoning caused by botulinum growing on improperly sterilized canned meats and other preserved foods. |
bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors. |
cachexia | Weakness and wasting of the body due to severe chronic illness. |
cheilosis | a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin. |
cholangiography | X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction. |
cholangitis | inflammation of the bile ducts. |
cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gallbladder. |
cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder. |
choledocholithotomy | Surgery that involves the removal of one or more obstructive gallstones from the common bile duct. |
cholelithiasis | The formation of gallstones. |
cholera | An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes |
cirrhosis | A chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue. |
colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon (with a colonoscope) from the cecum to the rectum; |
Crohn's disease | A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, esp. the colon and ileum. |
diverticulitis | Inflammation of a diverticulum, esp. in the colon, causing pain and disturbance of bowel function. |
diverticulosis | A condition in which diverticula are present in the intestine without signs of inflammation. |
dyspepsia | Indigestion. |
dysphagia | condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful. |
emesis | The action or process of vomiting. |
enteritis | Inflammation of the intestine, esp. the small intestine, usually accompanied by diarrhea |
eructation | belching; casting up wind from the stomach through the mouth |
esophageal varices | extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower esophagus. |
esophagogastroduodenoscopy | A procedure that enables the examiner (usually a gastroenterologist) to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first portion of small bowel) using a thin flexible tube (a "scope") that can be looked through or seen on a TV monitor. |
gastroduodenostomy | Gastroduodenostomy is a surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum. |
gastroesophageal reflux disease | A chronic condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter allows gastric acids to reflux into the esophagus, causing heartburn, acid indigestion, and possible injury to the esophageal lining. |
gastrostomy tube | A feeding tube is a medical device used to provide nutrition to patients who cannot obtain nutrition by swallowing. |
hematemesis | vomiting blood. |
Hemoccult test | A test that checks for hidden blood in the stool |
hepatitis | A disease characterized by inflammation of the liver. |
herpes labialis | oral herpes: caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). |
hiatal hernia | hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm. |
hyperemesis | severe and excessive vomiting. |
ileus | a partial or complete non-mechanical blockage of the small and/or large intestine |
inguinal hernia | hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males. |
jaundice | Yellowish discoloration of the whites of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes caused by deposition of bile salts in these tissues. |
melena | Dark sticky feces containing partly digested blood. |
morbid obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health |
nasogastric intubation | the placement of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, gastric secretions, or food |
obesity | a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health. |
periodontium | the bone, connective tissue, and gum surrounding and supporting a tooth. |
peristalsis | The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation. |
proctopexy | fixation of a prolapsed anus and rectum |
regurgitation | vomiting |
salmonellosis | a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium |
sigmoidoscopy | Examination of the sigmoid colon by means of a flexible tube inserted through the anus. |
stomatorrhagia | hemorrhage from the mouth. |
trismus | Spasm of the jaw muscles, causing the mouth to remain tightly closed, typically as a symptom of tetanus. |
ulcerative colitis | a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever |
volvulus | An obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine. |
xerostomia | abnormal dryness of the mouth resulting from decreased secretion of saliva. |