Question | Answer |
What makes Orthomyxoviruses different from other RNA viruses | It replicates in the nucleus (only other one is HIV) |
Each segment of a Orthomyxovirus contains how many genes | 1- this promotes mixing and new viruses |
Two primary surface proteins in Orthomyxovirus | Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase |
Hemagglutinin is responsible for | Absorption to cell receptors, the "attachement" protein |
Which protein is the site for antibody response | HA |
Which protein undergoes the most antigenic variation? | HA |
What is the attachment site for HA | Sialic acid |
Target protein for antivirals? | NA |
Which antigen is responsible for typing of influenza? | S-Ag |
Animal known as the "mixing vessel" between avian flu and human flu | Pig |
Antigenic drift | Gradual, small changes in hemagglutinin and/or Neuramoinidase at a single antigenic determinants, due to point mutations |
Antigenic shift | Abrupt, following dual infections, major change in many or all antigenic determinants of HA or NA |
Intragenomic recombination | Crossover |
Intergenomic recombination | Segment exchange between animal and human virus |
Highest incidence of Orthomyxoviruses | Age 5-14, winter months |
Spread mechanism of Orthomyxoviruses | Respiratory droplets |
Length of immunity in Orthomyxoviruses | 2-4 years due to IgA |
Orthomyxovirus vaccination includes what | 2 type A and one type B strains |
Zanamivir and Oseltamivir are used for | Theraputics for Orthomyxoviruses to inhibit viral NA |
Amatadine and Rimantidine are not effective against | H1N1 |