Question | Answer |
Functions of vascular system | Inflammatory mediator, Body temperature regulator, Immunity, Hormone delivery, deliver/clear nutrients and waste |
The distribution of oxygen around the body involves | Diffusion and bulk flow |
Diffusion takes place in | Lungs and capillaries |
Output of the right pump of the heart must equal | Output of the left pump of the heart |
Blood is oxygenated under what type of pressure | Low pressure |
Circulations in individual organs are in parallel with the heart. What is the exception? | Liver |
Tunica intima | Endothelium and includes internal elastic lamina |
Tunica media | Smooth muscle, elastic fibers |
Tunica adventitia | Dense irregular connective tissue that can contain vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum |
Three types of arteries from big to small | Elastic, Muscular and Arterioles |
3 layers of Blood vessels from inside out | Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica adnvetitia (I miss Anna) |
Sinusoidal capillaries are located in the | Liver and spleen |
Arteriosclerosis can cause damage to the Tunica intima which can cause | Clots in blood since the TI prevents this |
Trace the blood from from the heart | Elastic arteries-muscular arteries-arterioles-capillaries-postcapillary venules-muscluar venules- large veins-heart |
Elastic arteries are identifiable by | Size and the large number of concentric elastic fibers in the tunica media |
Muscular arteries are identifiable by | well-defined internal elastic lamina and several layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media |
Pericytes | Capillary support cells |
Three types of capillaries | Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal |
Fenestrated capillaries are found in | Endocrine organs, GI, urinary filtration apparatus |
Restinosis | Proliferation of smooth muscle in the tunica media that can block the lumen |
Aneurysm is due to weakness in the | Tunica media |
Damage to valves in veins can cause | Varicose veins |
Large veins are identifiable by | Their size, irregular shape, thick tunica advetitia lying over the tunica media and occasionally by venous valves |
Cardiac output is | Left ventricular volume ejected per minute (~5) |
Heart is the only tissue in the body that can | Maximally extracts oxygen at rest |
Because heart efficiency is at max, if you increase the heart rate, you must also increase | Blood flow |
Kidneys have large % of resting cardiac output but a low oxygen consumption. Explain | Kidney filters the blood so it gets a large volume of blood to filter but not to actually use |
Mean arterial pressure equals | (1/3)x(sysotlic-diastolic) + DP |
Pulse pressure for patient with a BP of 120/80 | 40 |
Compliance | Change in volume for a given change of pressure. More compliant means more stretchy! |
What does age do to compliance | Decreases |
Are veins more or less compliant than arteries | More |
Windkessel effect | Arterial stretch during systole contributes to production of diastolic pressure |
If you increase pressure difference, blood flow | increases |
If you increase resistance, blood flow | decreases |
Cardiac output equals | MAP/TPR or SVxHR |
Vascular resistance is inversely proportional to | Radius^4 |
Resistance is proportional to | Length |
The main resistance to flow occurs in the | Arterioles |
Blood velocity is lowest in the | Capillaries because they have the highest total cross-sectional area |
Three patterns of blood flow | Laminar, Turbulent and Single file |
Laminar blood flow is found in | Arteries, arterioles, venules, and veins |
Turbulent blood flow is found in | Ventricles and stenosed arteries |
Single file blood flow is found in | Capillaries |
As blood viscosity increases, flood flow velocity | Decreases |
Turbulent blood flow, like bruits, cause | Whooshing |