Question | Answer |
The three types of muscle are | 1.Skeletal(striated) muscle 2.Smooth(visceral) muscle 3.Cardiac muscle |
Skeletal(striated)muscles are | voluntary(you have control) |
Smooth(visceral) muscles are | involuntary(autonomic)(you do not have control) |
Examples of smooth(visceral) muscle are found in the | GI tract(peristalsis), uterus, blood vessels(vasoconstriction & vasodilation), and the urinary bladder |
Cardiac muscle is | involuntary(you do not have control) |
Cardiac muscle cells also have the unique ability to | receive an impluse, contract, immediately relax, and then receive another impulse |
Examples of skeletal(striated) muscles include | 1.Biceps brachii(flexes an inferior arm) 2.Triceps brachii(extends an inferior arm) |
Most voluntary & skeletal muscles are connected to a bone by a strong, tough, nonelastic, white collagenous fibrous cord known as a | tendon |
Cardiac muscle is unique because when one cardiac muscle cell is stimulated | all the cardiac muscle cells are stimulated |
The stimulation causes the cardiac muscle cells to | contract together |
A steady or constant state of partial contraction maintained in a muscle is called | muscle tone |
Some muscle cells in a muscle will always be contracting while other muscle cells | are at rest |
Then the other muscles at rest will contract while those that were contracting will go into | relaxation |
The contracting and relaxing of the muscles allows us to maintain body posture for | long periods of time without tiring |
The relaxation and contracting of muscles is accomplished because nerve impulses | alternate between various groups of muscle cells thus allowing all to have periods of rest. |
Two types of muscle contraction include | 1.Isotonic 2.Isometric |
Isotonic contractions occur when | lifting a weight, muscles become shorter and thicker and the tone (tension) remains the same |
Isometric contractions occur when | pushing against a wall, the muscles involved remain at a constant length and the tone(tension) against the muscle increases |
The more fixed attachment of a muscle that serve as a basis for the action is the | origin |
The moveable attachment where the effects of muscular contraction are seen, is called the | insertion |
Muscles can be named according to their action such as | 1.Adductor(movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of the body) 2.Abductor(movement of a limb away from the midline of the body) 3.Flexor(bending a limb at a joint) 4.Extensor(extending a limb at a joint) |
Muscles can be named according to their shape such as | 1.Quadratus(square) 2.Trapezius(triangular) |
Muscles can be named according to their origin & insertion such as the | sternocleidomastoid(sternum/origin & mastoid/action-insertion/behind ear) |
Sternocleidomastoid muscles are primarily used to | move the head |
Muscles can be named according to their location such as | 1.Frontalis(forehead) raises your eyebrows 2.Tibialis(anterior inferior leg/shin) 3.Radialis(inferior laterial(thumb side) side |
Muscles can be named according to the number of divisions such as | 1.Biceps brachii(2) 2.Triceps brachii(3) 3.Quadriceps(4) |
Muscles can be named according to the direction their fibers run such as | transverse(across) or oblique(slanted) |
Muscles that rotate a limb are called | rotators |
Movement of the foot upward is called | dorsiflexion |
Movement of the foot toward the ground is called | plantar flexion |
Turning a palm so that it faces the ground is called | pronation(face down) |
The two muscles that cause a palm to face downward are called the | pronator teres & pronator quadratus |
Turning a palm upwards is called | supination(on back) |
The muscles that causes a palm to face upward is called the | supinator muscle |
The muscle that draws the scalp backwards is called the | occipitalis |
The muscles involved in smiling & laughing are called | zygomaticus(cheek) |
The muscles that close the jaw are the | masseter & temporalis |
The muscles that move a scapula include the | 1.Levator scapulae(shrug) 2.Rhomboids 3.Pectoralis minor 4.Trapezius |
The muscle that flexes & adducts(brings in toward the middle) an arm is called the | pectoralis major |
The muscle that extends, adducts and rotates an arm medially(swimming) is called the | latissimus dorsi |
The muscle that abducts(move away from middle) and is a site for intramuscular(IM) injections is called the | deltoid |
The muscle that flexes a wrist is called the | flexor carpi |
The muscle that extends a wrist is called the | extensor carpi |
The muscles that flex the fingers or toes are called | flexor digitora |
The muscles that extend the fingers or toes are called | extensor digitora |
The muscle that flexes a thumb is called the | flexor pollicis(thumb--text messaging) |
The muscle that extends a thumb is called the | extensor pollicis(thumb--hitch hike) |
The muscle that moves a thumb toward midline is called the | adductor pollicis(thumb) |
The muscle that moves a thumb away from midline is called the | abductor pollicis(thumb) |
The muscles that make up the abdominal wall include | 1.External oblique 2.Internal oblique 3.Transversus abdominis 4.Rectus abdominis(washboard) |
The muscles that flexes and opposes a thumb & is used when we write is called the(grab things) | opponens pollicis(opposition) |
The muscles of ventilation include | 1.Diaphragm(main muscle of ventilation) 2.Internal intercostals(muscle between ribs) 3.External intercostals(muscle between ribs) |
The muscles of the buttocks include | 1.Gluteus maximus(cheek) 2.Gluteus minimus 3.Gluteus medius(IM injections) |
The muscles that flex a knee include | 1.Biceps femoris 2.Semitendinosus 3.Semimembranosus 4.Popliteus 5.Gracilis 6.Sartorius |
The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, make up the | hamstrings |
The muscles that extend a knee include | 1.Rectus femoris 2.Vastus lateralis(IM injection) 3.Vastus medialis 4.Vastus intermedius |
The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis & vastus intermedius make up the | quadriceps femoris group |
The five muscles that plantar flex a foot (bring it downward) include | 1.Gastrocnemius(calf) 2.Tibialis posterior 3.Soleus 4.Peroneus longus 5.Plantaris |
Two muscles dorsiflex a foot (bring it upward) include | 1.Tibialis anterior 2.Peroneus tertius |
How many skeletal muscles does the human body have | 650 |
If all the skeletal muscles worked together, they could lift | 11 tons |
The three IntraMuscular(IM) injection sites are | 1.Deltoid muscle 2.Gluteus medius 3.Vastus lateralis(thigh) |