Question | Answer |
aden/o | gland |
adip/o | fat |
anter/o | before, front |
caud/o | lower part of body, tail |
cephal/o | head |
cyt/o | cell |
endo- | in, within, inside |
exo | out of, outside, away from |
hist/o | tissue |
-ologist | specialist |
-ology | the science or study of |
path/o | disease, suffering, feeling, emotion |
-plasia | development, growth, formation |
poster/o | behind, toward the back |
-stasis | control, maintenance of a constant level |
abdominal cavity | contains primarily the majororgans of digestion |
adenectomy | is the surgical removal of a gland |
adenocarcinoma | is a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue |
adenoma | is a benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue |
adenomalacia | is the abnormal softening of a gland |
adenosclerosis | is the abnormal hardening of a gland |
anaplasia | is a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. |
anatomy | is the study of the structures of the body |
anomaly | is a deviation from what is regarded as normal |
anterior | means situated in the front. The front or forward part of an organ |
aplasia | is the dectective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue |
bloodborne transmission | is the spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood. |
caudal | means toward the lower part of the body |
cephalic | means toward the head |
chromosomes | are the genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell. These chromosomes are made up of the DNA molecules containing the body's genes. |
communicable disease | also known as a contagious disease, is any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects. |
congenital disorder | is an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth |
cytoplasm | is the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus |
distal | means situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure |
dorsal | refers to the back of the organ or body |
dysplasia | is abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs |
endemic | refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area |
endocrine glands | produce hormones, do not have ducts. hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream. |
epidemic | is a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area |
epigastric region | is located above the stomach |
etiology | is the study of the causes of diseases |
exocrine glands | such as sweat glands, secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body |
functional disorder | produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified |
genetic disorder | also known as a hereditary disorder, is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene |
geriatrician | a physician who specializes in the care of older people |
hemophilia | is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing |
histology | is the study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues |
homeostasis | is the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
hyperplasia | is the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues |
hypertrophy | is a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues |
hypogastric region | is located below the stomach |
hypoplasia | is the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells |
iatrogenic illness | is an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment |
idiopathic disorder | is an illness without known cause |
infectious disease | is an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses |
inguinal | which means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen |
medial | means the direction toward, or nearer, the midline |
mesentery | is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall |
midsagittal plane | also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves |
nosocomial infection | is a disease accquired in a hospital or clinical setting |
pandemic | refers to an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide |
pelvic cavity | is the space formed by the hip bones and it contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems |
peritoneum | is a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity |
peritonitis | is inflammation of the peritoneum |
phenylketonuria | commonly known as PKU,is a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing. |
physiology | is the study of the functions of the structures of the body |
posterior | means situated in the back. It also means on the back part of an organ. |
proximal | means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure |
retroperitoneal | means located behind the peritoneum |
stem cells | are unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division |
thoracic cavity | also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs. |
tranverse plane | is a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions |
umbilicus | which is commonly known as the belly button or navel |
vector-borne transmission | is the spread of a certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insects) |
ventral | is located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that maintain homeostasis |