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world history chp 2
test 09/14/12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what two rivers ran through Mesopotamia? | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| Mesopotamia was located in the... | Fertile Crescent |
| who created the first civilization? | Sumerians |
| how many gods did the Mesopotamians believe in? | 3,000 |
| massive stepped stone structure, temple at the top where the city-state god was housed | ziggurat |
| a government by divine authority | theocracy |
| what percentage of the Sumerian people farmed? | 90% |
| what do you mix together to make bronze? | copper and tin |
| causes increase in trade | invention of the wheel |
| "wedge-shaped" writing system | cuneiform |
| cuneiform's purpose was for | trading |
| why was writing important to Mesopotamian people | allowed them to keep records and to communicate ideas with others |
| examples of Sumerian technology and innovations | wagon wheel, potter's wheel, sundial, arch (used in construction), bronze metal work, and advances in math, geometry, and astronomy |
| created the first empire in human history | Akkadians |
| leader of the Akkadian Empire | Sargon |
| ruler of Babylon | Hammurabi |
| 282 very strict laws | the Code of Hammurabi |
| the Code of Hammurabi covered... | criminal offenses, duties of public officials, consumer protection laws, and marriage and family |
| Mesopotamian society was.. | patriarchal (men dominated society) |
| longest river in the world, flows northward, over 4,000 miles long | Nile River |
| two major branches in Egypt | Lower and Upper Egypt |
| "miracle of Nile" | regular flooding |
| source of life | sun gods |
| the Nile River made..... easier | transportation and communication |
| Natural barriers protecting Egypt | deserts, Meteranian sea, Red sea, and rapids from the Nile |
| unites Upper and Lower Egypt; started 1st dynasty | King Menes |
| all three Egyptian kingdoms were a time of | stability |
| Egyptian monarchs | pharaohs |
| pharaohs gave responsibilities to the viziers of each city | bureaucracy |
| pyramids built, people thought pharaoh was god on earth | Old Kingdom |
| Old Kingdom ends because... | serious drought, people thought gods were punishing them; pharaoh considered god, people blamed drought on him; people starving from lack of food |
| Egyptians did this to preserve the physical bodies of the dead pharaohs | mummification |
| pharaoh seen as shepherd of the people, concerned of the people | Middle Kingdom |
| Middle Kingdom ends because... | invasion of Hyksos from western Asia; Hyksos conquered because they had horse drawn chariots, overwhelmed them |
| first female pharaoh, painted with masculine features so people would respect her | Hatshepsut |
| first monotheistic pharaoh, closed all temples but Aten (son god); people hated him because he was mono and they were poly, thought gods would punish them | Akhenaten |
| boy pharaoh, eight when he came into power; helped restore the gods; only tomb found still perfectly intact | Tutankhamen |
| archaeologist who finds Tutankhamen's tomb | Howard Carter |
| restored the old borders of the empire that had been lost during the religious revolution under Akhenaten | Ramses II |
| sacred writings; were carved into stone | hieroglyphics |
| simplified version of writing used for business transactions and record keeping; written on papyrus | hieratic script |
| difference between hieroglyphics and hieratic script | hieroglyphics used for sacred writings and hieratic script for everyday things like business transactions and record keeping |
| herded animals and traveled for good land for their animals | pastoral nomads |
| most important nomadic people; spoke greek, latin, persian, saskrit, and germanic | indo-europeans |
| built ships and became great international sea traders; known as purple people; best known for their alphabet | phoenicians |
| established an empire in land known today as Israel; known for his wisdom; built the Temple of Jerusalem | King Solomon |
| after the death of King Solomon... | 12 tribes split up into kingdoms (10/2), Israel and Judah; Israel up north, Judah south |
| first to use iron weapons; terror as military tactics | Assyrians |
| ruler in Persian Empire; had great wisdom, respected other civilizations | Cyrus "the Great" |
| divided the Persian empire into provinces called satrapies; established a tax-collecting system and a complex postal system; built a canal in Egypt and the great Royal Road system | Darius |
| power of the Persian Empire came from its... | military |
| when one was killed, he was immediately replaced | Immortals |
| Persian empire religion; monotheistic; started by the prophet Zoroaster, who wrote his teachings in the Zend Avesta | Zoroastianism |
| Persian Empire was weakened by... | struggles over the succession to the monarchy (kings had many kids) |
Created by:
kayleigh.darbonne.16
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