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World History

Chapter 6

QuestionAnswer
Arabia Home to one of the world's harshest deserts
Camels and goats
Coastal regions farmings
People were highly mobile tent movers with such harsh climate
Bedouins Loyal to tribe for survival reasons with limited resources
Honor is everything to be exiled was certain death
Water oasis maintained by clan council led by shayikhs
Shayikhs, council of elders, band of free warriors, slave families from rival clans
Mecca formed by Umayyad Clan of the Quraysh tribe
**Mecca was home to **Ka'ba (worship polytheistic)
**In Mecca **Rivalries forgotten for a time
Medina (Yathrib) Poorer than Mecca
Fierce clan rivalries One's honor rested on one's respect
Chivalry The Code
Cycle of violence Revenge
All males join in fights
Women PreIslam Arabia Key economic roles
Women PreIslam Arabia often lineage
Women PreIslam Arabia some multiple marriages, men pay dowry
Women PreIslam Arabia Women's advice taken by some men
Women PreIslam Arabia Not considered equal, divorce laws
Women PreIslam Arabia Towns started, roles decreased
Poetry Neglected Gods
Poetry High mark in desert
Narrative poetry polytheistic, Hubal - pure springs
Ethics based on tribal customs based on
Poetry Religion lukewarm
** 632 Muhammed died ** No successor
Abu Bakr Chosen as caliph
Ali was overlooked
Ridda Wars Tribes back to Islam
Monotheism after Muhammed dies
Small following when Muhammed leaves Mecca for Medina
Muhammed Umagyed threat
Muhammed Fled (hijrah) yearl
Muhammed Hero in Medina
Muhammed goes back to Mecca Mecca-Medina War
Muhammed Treaty of 628 Ka'ba
After Treaty of 628 Umagyed's convert
570 Muhammed born
Muhammed from Quaraysh Prominent clan
Muhammed raised by Uncle, Abu Tulib
Muhammed influenced by Syria (Jews & Christians)
Muhammed was teen in Mecca, married, merchant
** 610 Muhammed meditated in Mecca ** Muhammed spoke to Gabriel (angel), Islam was born
Muhammed saw division of unequal wealth
** 5 Pillars **1. Allah is God, Muhammed prophet
** 5 Pillars **2. 5 times prayer Mecca
** 5 Pillars **3. Zakat
** 5 Pillars **4. Fast (Ramadan)
** 5 Pillars **5. Hajj (Mecca)
** Arabs 1st class citizen zabut only ** Converts of the Book
** Arabs 1st class citizen zabut only ** Mawali - Muslim Converts
** Arabs 1st class citizen zabut only ** dhimmis - people of the book
** Arabs 1st class citizen zabut only ** Non-believers pay taxes (Jizru) - worship freely
Problem of Succession Sunni/Shiite Conquest made unity a problem
656, Uthman, 3rd Caliph is murdered Ali supporters declare him caliph, Umayyads reject Ali, wanted revenge
Warfare erupts between Sunni-Shiite Ali wins at Camel in 656
657 Ali consents to mediation
660 Umayyads set up Mu'awiya as Caliph in Jerusalem
Ali is murdered Husayn Ali's son killed
Sunni-Shiite split Shiites rule through Imans (Persia)
Sassanids weak and corrupt Did not view Arabs as threat
Zoraostrianism not rooted 651 they fall
Byzantium proved stronger Some Christians helped Arabs
Umayyad decline and fall luxury sign of decadence
Umayyad focus on palace, not day today
50,000 warriors in E. Iran resented Damascus, they revolted
Black Banner Abbasid Party
750 Umayyad fall
Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance
Islamic converts Converts between Arabs and Mawali
Careers made by Believing
In towns and country Slaves served caliphs
Zani Slaves from Africa
Great Mosques Greek writing, preserved astronomy, medicine, geometry, anatomy, and ethics
(Sunni) Umayyad Age - Family Gender Roles Womens role increase
(Sunni) Umayyad Age - Family Gender Roles Marriage is stressed, no adultery
(Sunni) Umayyad Age - Family Gender Roles Multiple marriages for men, 4 wives if they could support
(Sunni) Umayyad Age - Family Gender Roles women, 1 husband
(Sunni) Umayyad Age - Family Gender Roles women, 1st matyr - wrote Quaran and hadiths
(Sunni) Abbasid Era Cruel to Umayyads
(Sunni) Abbasid Era Capital to Baghdag
(Sunni) Abbasid Era Great beauracracy
(Sunni) Abbasid Era Wazir Chief Administrator had great power
(Sunni) Abbasid Era Abassids claimed divine right of rulership
Created by: crescenti
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