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Fund of body chap14
The Respiratory System, Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The oral cavity refers to the | mouth |
| Two structures located at the posterior(back) portion of the oral cavity are the | palatine tonsils |
| The tonsils are | lymph tissue |
| Lymph tissue is part of your | immune system |
| The nasal cavities refer to the | nose |
| The two meati(openings) of the nasa cavities are called | nostris or external nares |
| the hairs found lining the nasal cavities act as | screening devices |
| The nasal cavities are separated by the | nasal septum |
| The nasal cavities house the sense of smell referred to as the | olfactory sense |
| The nasal cavities are lined with | mucous membranes |
| Mucous membranes produce | mucus |
| The pharynx is AKA | throat |
| The orophaynx refers to the | oral cavity(mouth) and pharynx(throat) |
| Nasopharyngeal means | pertaining to the nasal cavity(nose) and pharynx(throat) |
| The adenoids are located in the | nasopharynx |
| The adenoids are | lymph tissue and part of your immune system |
| The nasopharynx also houses two ducts that lead to the middle ears called | Eustachian tubes |
| The function of the Eustachian tubes is to | equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment in order to prevent tympanorrhexis (ear drum rupture) |
| The larynx is AKA | vocal cords or voice box |
| The larynx connects the | pharynx(throat) with the trachea(wind pipe) |
| Laryngopharynx(hypopharynx) refers to the | larynx(voice box or vocal cords) and pharynx(throat) |
| The larynx is support by pieces of | cartilage |
| The pieces of cartilage that support the larynx are called | 1.The thyroid cartilage 2.The epiglottis 3.The cricoid cartilage |
| The largest piece of cartilage is the | thyroid cartilage AKA "Adam's apple" |
| The epiglottis is the | "lid over the larynx" |
| The epiglottis is designed to | open when we breathe and close when we swallow |
| The glottis is the | space between the larynx(vocal cords, voice box) |
| The trachea is AKA the | windpipe |
| the bronchi are the | two main airway branches that bifurcate off the trachea(windpipe) |
| These two main brances are called the | right primary bronchus and the left primary bronchus |
| On entering the lungs the primary bronchi(plural) divide to form smaller bronchi called the | secondary(lobar) bronchi(plural) |
| The secondary or lobar bronchi(plural) continue to branch forming even smaller bronchi called | tertiary(3)(segmental) bronchi |
| Tertiary or segmental bronchi divide into smaller brances called | bronchioles(small branches) |
| Bronchioles finally branch into even smaller tubes called | terminal bronchioles |
| The terminal bronchioles subdivide into microscopic branches called | respiratory bronchoiles |
| The respiratory bronchioles further subdivide into | aveolar ducts |
| The aveolar ducts house the aveoli in the | alveolar sacs |
| The aveolar sacs house the | aveoli(respiration takes place) |
| This continuous branching of the trachea is referred to as the | bronchial tree |
| It is estimated that the average number of alveoli in a human is | 30 million |
| Every alveolus is surrounded by | capillaries |
| The alveoli are where | respiration occurs |
| Respiration involves two processes: | 1.External respiration-which is the exchange of gases that occurs between the lungs and the blood 2.Internal respiration which is the exchange of gases that occurs between the blood & body cells |
| Every cell of the body is surrounded by | capillaries |
| The actual exchange of the respiratory gases between the lungs, blood and cells occurs by | diffusion |
| Diffusion means | the process in which particles in a fluid or gas move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| The cavity where the respiratory organs are found is the | thoracic cavity |
| The lungs are divided into sections called | lobes |
| The right lung has | 3 lobes(RUL, RML, RLL) |
| The left lung has | 2 lobes(LUL, LLL) |
| The primary bronchi(plural) are lined with small hair-like structures called | cilia |
| The purpose of the cilia is to | catch foreign particles that are inhaled during inspiration |
| As the cilia becomes saturated from the inhaled particles the mucous membranes that lined the respiratory tract will produce | mucus |
| The purpose of the mucus is to | trap the foreign particles |
| When enough mucus is produced the nervous system will trigger the | cough reflex |
| the cough reflex gives a person two choices | 1.Cough the mucus up and spit it out 2.Cough the mucus up and swallow it |
| A productive cough refers to a | cough where sputum is produced |
| A non-productive cough refers to a | dry cough(no sputum) such as croup(bark-like cough) |
| Antitussive refers to a | cough suppressant |
| The act of coughing up mucus is called | expectoration(expectorate) |
| The mucus expectorated is called | sputum or phlegm |
| Normal sputum(phlegm) appears | clear or white |
| Mucopurulent refers to | mucus & pus |
| Hemoptysis means | expectorating blood |
| Yellow, green or pungent sputum(phlegm) can indicate | infection |
| C&S stands for | Culture & Sensitivity |
| A C&S is performed to | grow antigens and determine the best antibiotic to treat the infection |
| Two membranous layers surround each lung called | pleurae(plural) |
| The purpose of the pleurae(plural) is to | protect the lungs from the ribs |
| The outermost pleural layer is called the | parietal pleura(singular) |
| The innermost pleural layer is called the | visceral pleura(singular) |
| Between the parietal and visceral pleurae(plural) is a space called the | pleural cavity(space) |
| The pleural cavity(space) contains | pleural fluid(lubricating fluid) to prevent friction between the parietal and visceral pleurae(plural) during ventilation(breathing) |
| Ventilation refers to | breathing |
| PFT stands for | Pulmonary Function Tests |
| Incentive spirometry (IS) is a | test to measure the ability to self ventilate |
| Tidal Volume(TV) | the amount of air inhaled & exhaled during normal ventilation(breathing) |
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) | the volume of air that can be inhaled beyond a normal resting inspiration |
| Expiratory Reserve Volume(ERV) | the volume of air that can be exhaled beyond a normal resting expiration |
| The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called | ventilation(breathing) |
| The two phases of ventilation are | inhalation(inspiration) and exhalation(expiration) |
| The muscles primarily responsible for ventilation are the | 1.Diaphragm 2.Internal & external intercostals |
| ventilation is controlled by the respiratory center located in the | medulla oblongata |
| A ventilator refers to | a device that pushes air in and out of the lungs |
| Intubation (intubate) is | the process of inserting a tube |
| Intubation usually refers to an | Endotracheal Tube(ET) |
| The instrument used to insert an Endotracheal Tube(ET) is called a | laryngoscope |
| Ambu bag refers to a | bag that is used to ventilate an apnic patient |
| ABGs stands for | Arterial Blood Gases |
| oxygen saturation(SaO2) is | the amount of oxygen(O2)that has combined with(saturated) hemoglobin |
| Percentage of carbon dioxide(PCOs)is | the amount or Percentage of Carbon Dioxide(CO2) that has combined with hemoglobin |
| A nebulizer is a | device that delivers vaporized medicine(vaporizer) |
| CXR stands for | Chest X-Ray |
| NPPV stands for | Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation(a respiratory Tx) |
| Oximetry refers to | the process of measuring oxygen |
| Rales refers to | crackling sounds heard during ausculation(listening with a stethoscope) |
| Ausculation means | listening with a stethoscope |
| Rhonchi refers to | wheezing |
| Stridor refers to | a high pitched sound indicative of airway obstruction |
| RT(IT) stand for | Respiratory Therapy(Inhalation Therapy) |
| C-PAP stands for | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
| C-PAP is a treatment for | Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA) |
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