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Unit 1 to 600 BCE

QuestionAnswer
Five Themes of Geography Relative Location Physical Characteristics Human/environment interaction (leads to change) Movement Regions
Where were the first people? Eastern Africa
Why did East Arican people start moving? In search of food
What happened at the end of the Ice Age? Large areas of N. America, Europe, and Asia became habitable
What happened when civilizations began to form? Nomads settled near abundant plant life and began sedentary lifestyles with a dependable food supply.
What did regional changes alter? Skin color, race type, and quantity of body hair
What was the first humna-like creature called? Australopithecus (Lucy)
What was Lucy's characteristics? Bipedalism, sizable brain, and Larynx (voice box)
Second type of human Homo habilis (crude stone tools)
Third type of human Homo erectus (upright human)
Fourth type of human Homo sapiens (wise human, social groups, buildings)
Fifth and final type of human Homo sapiens, sapiens
What was the time when humans began migrating called? Out of Africa
What happened in the Paleolithic time period? (6 things) Crude tools, natural shelters (caves, canyons), fire, food preparation tools used for combat, families (select sexual partners), family units created clans
Neolithic New Stone Age
Mesolithic Middle Stone Age
Why do we not learn about Mesolithic? Lack of information
Westerncentric Western Europe, America, and Canada
What are the characteristics of a civilization? (6) food surplus, advanced cities, advanced technology, skilled workers, complex institutions (government, religion), system of writing/record keeping
What is connection and diffusion? Due to interaction (not inventing something new), taking something from another culture
Invention Nok people of Nigeria
When does diffusion take over? After emergence
What is a foraging society? A small group of people that traveled
What are the characteristics of a foraging society? bad climate, poor land, mammals, fished, gathered
What were the gender differences of a foraging society? men hunted and women gathered
What was needed to hunt large game? Coordination
Did some foraging societies have chiefs? Yes
Were men seen as superior to men in foraging societies? No, just different
What happened in Pastoral Societies? Domestication of animals
What were the characteristics of a pastoral society? Moutain regions, insufficient rainfall
Did women have rights in pastoral societies? few rights, men controlled food production
Why didn't pastoral societies stay in one place? Seasonally migrated because they had to look for food. It was difficult to become "civilized."
What happened when Pastoral societies experimented with plants and seeds? Women accidentally sprout veggies
What did polytheism come from? Animism, spirits in anything
What are anthropologists? Need control over fate, petition gods
What do some people say is the most important thing to happen in history? 8000-3000 BCE Neolithic Revolution/Agricultural Revolution (farming)
Horticulture Farming for self
Agriculture Farming to sell
What happened when people had a food surplus? Had time to make tools, dig an irrigation ditch, philosophy, be a religious leader
When one farms for 100, you can individualize labor... Called specialization-- armies, towns, writing, art, experiment, technologies
What keeps life orderly? Government and religion
Organize irrigation For fertilizing land and stopping floods
What was domesticated first? Dogs and then goats
Central Africa ate... Plantains, bananas, and yams
America ate... Maize, beans, squash
India ate... millet, barley
Slash and burn Cut crops down and then burned them. Ashes kept soil fertile.
End of Neolithic Revolution Fermentation of alcoholic beverages
Village settlements must... Be near water, stay in same place (sense of unity)
Role of women before farming Food gatherers, first to plant/harvest
Men were/controlled... politics, economy,warriors, traders
Patrilineal/Patrilocal Tracing decent based of male line/husband's home more important
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