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AP Biology - Solomon
Chapter 7 - How cells make ATP
Question | Answer |
---|---|
glycolysis | Decomposition of glucose to pyruvate -- Greek for sugar splitting |
pyruvate | 3 carbon molecule |
ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) common source of activation energy for metabolic reactions |
respiration | process of extracting stored energy from glucose to form ATP |
aerobic respiration | respiration in the presence of O2 |
mitochondria | carry out aerobic respiration - a process in which energy (in the form of ATP) is obtained from carbohydrates |
electron transport chain | consists of proteins that pass electrons from one carrier protein to the next |
catabolism | releases energy by splitting complex molecules into smaller components |
anabolism | synthesis of complex molecules from simpler building blocks - help maintain cell or organism |
oxidation | loss of one or more electrons (or hydrogen atoms) by an atom, ion, or molecule |
reduction | gain of one or more electrons (or hydrogen atoms) by an atom, ion, or molecule |
redox reaction | chemical reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred from one substance (that becomes oxidized) to another substance (becomes reduced) |