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FINAL EXAM 7/12/2012
ENDOCRINE & REPRODUCTIVE SYSYTEMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| LABIA MAJORA | THE ROUNDED FOLDS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE AND SKIN THAT SERVE TO PROTECT THE OTHER FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS. |
| DYSMENORRHEA | SEVERE MENSTRUAL CRAMPS THAT LIMIT DAILY ACTIVITY. |
| PERIMETRIUM | THE THIN LAYER THAT COVERS THE MYOMETRIUM OF THE UTERUS. |
| VAGINA | A TUBULAR ORGAN THAT EXTENDS FROM THE UTERUS TO THE LABIA. |
| PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME | A SYNDROME THAT IS A COLLECTION OF SYMPTOMS THAT OCCUR JUST BEFORE THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD. |
| BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS | GLANDS LATERAL TO THE VAGINA THAT PRODUCE MUCUS FOR LUBRICATION OF THE VAGINA. |
| CLITORIS | LOCATED ANTERIOR TO THE URETHRAL OPENING IN FEMALES. IT CONTAINS ERECTILE TISSUE AND IS RICH IN SENSORY NERVES. |
| ENDOMETRIUM | THE INNERMOST LAYER OF THE UTERUS. IT UNDERGOES SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE. |
| MONS PUBIS | A FATTY AREA THAT OVERLIES THE PUBIC BONE. |
| VULVA | EXTERNAL FEMALE GENITALIA |
| PREPUCE | A PEICE OF SKIN IN THE UNCIRCUMCIZED MALE THAT COVERS THE GLANS PENIS. |
| PROSTATE GLAND | A CHEST NUT SHAPED GLAND THAT SURROUNDS THE BEGINNING OF THE URETHRA IN THE MALE. |
| ADENOCARCINOMA | IS A CANCER OF AN EPITHELIUM THAT ORIGINATES IN GLANDULAR TISSUE. |
| PURULENT | PUS |
| SCROTUM | IN A MALE, THE SAC OF SKIN BELOW THE PELVIC CAVITY THAT CONTAINS THE TESTES. |
| SEMINOMA | IS A GERM CELL TUMOR (CANCER) OF THE TESTIS. |
| CHANCRE | A PAINLESS ULCER THAT MAY APPEAR ON THE TOUNGE, THE LIPS, THE GENITALIA, THE RECTUM, OR ELSEWHERE. |
| IMPOTENCE | A DISORDER IN WHICH A MALE CANNOT MAINTAIN AN ERECT PENIS TO COMPLETE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; ALSO CALLED ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. |
| CHLAMYDIA | IS A COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION IN HUMANS CAUSED BY THE BACTERIUM CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. |
| PARENCHYMA | ARE THE FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF AN ORGAN IN THE BODY. |
| CRYPTORCHIDISM | CONGENITAL FAILURE OF THE TESTES TO DESCEND INTO THE SCROTAL SAC. |
| BULBOURETHRAL GLAND | ALSO CALLED A COWPERS GLAND. GLANDS THAT LIE BENEATH THE PROSTATE AND EMPTY THEIR FLUID INTO THE URETHRA. THEIR FLUID AIDS IN SPERM MOVEMENT. |
| SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES | THESE TUBES CONTAIN SPERMATOGENIC CELLS AND ARE LOCATED IN THE LOBULES OF THE TESTES. |
| SYPHILIS | IS A SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION CAUSED BY THE SPIROCHETE BACTERIUM TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. |
| TESTIS | THE TESTICLE, IS THE MALE GONAD IN ANIMALS. |
| TESTOSTERONE | A HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE TESTES THAT MAINTAINS THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES AND MALE CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS DEEP VOICE, BODY HAIR, AND MUSCLE MASS. |
| SEMEN | SPERM AND THE VARIOUS SUBSTANCES THAT NOURISH AND TRANSPORT THEM. |
| EMBRYONAL | EMBRYO |
| OLIGOSPERMIA | REFERS TO SEMEN WITH A LOW CONCENTRATION OF SPERM AND IS A COMMON FINDING IN MALE INFERTILITY. |
| VAS DEFERENS | A TUBE THAT CONNECTS THE EPIDIDYMIS WITH THE URETHRA AND THAT CARRIES SPERM. |
| CORTISOL | A STEROID HORMONE THAT IS RELEASED WHEN A PERSON IS STRESSED. IT DECREASES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. |
| GOITER | ENLARGEMENT OF THE THYROID GLAND, WHICH CAUSES SWELLING OF THE NECK, OFTEN RELATED TO IODINE INSUFFICIENCY IN THE DIET. |
| ESTROGEN | A FEMALE SEX HORMONE; WHEN PRODUCED DURING OVULATION, ESTROGEN CAUSES A BUILDUP OF THE LINING OF THE UTERUS TO PREPARE IT FOR A POSSIBLE PREGNANCY. |
| PITUITARY GLAND | LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE BRAIN IN THE SELLA TURCICA; COMPOSED OF AN ANTERIOR LOBE, AND A POSTERIOR LOBE. IT WEIGHS ONLY 1/16 OF AN OUNCE AND IS A HALF INCH ACROSS. |
| HYPOKALEMIA | IS A LOWER THAN NORMAL AMOUNT OF POTASSIUM IN THE BLOOD. |
| GONADOTROPIN | A HORMONE THAT STIMULATES THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND TO RELEASE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. |
| EUTHYROID | IS THE STATE OF HAVING NORMAL THYROID GLAND FUNCTION. |
| HYPOPHYSECTOMY | IS THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE HYPOPHYSIS (PITUITARY GLAND). |
| PANCREAS | LOCATED BEHIND THE STOMACH. ISLET CELLS SECRETE HORMONES FROM THE PANCREAS. THE PANCREAS ALSO CONTAINS CELLS THAT ARE EXOCRINE IN FUNCTION. THEY SECRETE ENZYMES, VIA A DUCT INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE TO AID DIGESTION. |
| CORTICASTEROID | ARE A CLASS OF CHEMICALS THAT INCLUDES STEROID HORMONES NATURALLY PRODUCED IN THE ADRENAL CORTEX OF VERTEBRATES AND ANALOGUES OF THESE HORMONES THAT ARE SYNTHESIZED IN LABORATORIES. |
| THYROXINE | SECRETED BY THE THYROID GLAND; ALSO CALLED TETRAIODOTHYRONINE. T4 INCREASES METABOLISM IN CELLS. |
| EXOPTHALMOS | BULGING OF THE EYEBALLS, OFTEN RELATED TO HYPERTHYROIDISM. |
| PROGESTERONE | A FEMALE STEROID HORMONE PRIMARILY PRODUCED BY THE OVARY. |
| TETANY | IS A MEDICAL SIGN CONSISTING OF INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION OF MUSCLES, WHICH MAY BE CAUSED BY DISEASE OR OTHER CONDITIONS THAT INCREASE THE ACTION POTENTIAL FREQUENCY. |
| INSULIN | A HORMONE THAT REGULATES THE AMOUNT OF SUGAR IN THE BLOOD BY FACILITATING ITS ENTRY INTO THE CELLS. |
| HOMEOSTASIS | A BALANCED, STABLE STATE WITHIN THE BODY. |
| HYPOTHALAMUS | A REGION OF THE DIENCEPHALON. IT MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS BY REGULATING MANY VITAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND BREATHING RATE. |
| POLYDIPSIA | IS A NON MEDICAL SYMPTOM IN WHICH THE PATIENT DISPLAYS EXCESSIVE THIRST. |
| ACROMEGALY | A DISORDER IN WHICH TOO MUCH GROWTH HORMONE IS PRODUCED IN ADULTS. |
| MYXEDEMA | A SEVERE TYPE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM THAT IS MOST COMMON IN WOMEN OLDER THAN THE AGE OF 50. |
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE THYROID GLAND? | SECRETES THYROXINE |
| WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND? | ADENOHYPOPHYSIS |
| WHAT HORMONE IS SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX? | CORTISOL |
| WHAT HORMONE IS SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS? | INSULIN |
| WHAT HORMONE REGULATES CALCIUM IN THE BLOOD AND BONES? | PARATHYROID HORMONE |
| WHAT HORMONE STIMULATES THE ADRENAL CORTEX TO SECRETE HORMONES? | ACTH |
| WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN ELECTROLYTE? | SODIUM |
| WHAT ELEMENT IS PRESENT IN THYROXINE? | IODINE |
| WHAT HORMONE IS SECRETED BY THE OVARY AND ADRENAL CORTEX? | ESTROGEN |
| WHERE ARE GONADOTROPINS SECRETED FROM? | TESTES |
| WHAT IS THE TERM FOR EXCESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MAMMARY TISSUE IN A MALE? | GYNECOMASTIA |
| KAL/I IS A COMBINING FORM FOR WHICH SUBSTANCE? | POTASSIUM |
| WHAT IS AN INSULIN DEFICIENCY OR RESISTANCE THAT LEADS TO HYPERGLYCEMIA AND KETOACIDOSIS? | DIABETES MELLITUS |
| WHAT IS A GROUP OF SYMPTOMS PRODUCED BY AN EXCESS OF CORTISOL FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX? | CUSHINGS SYNDROME |
| WHAT IS ADVANCED HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADULTHOOD? | MYXEDEMA |
| WHAT IS POST PUBERTY HYPERSECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND? | ACROMEGALY |
| WHAT DISEASE IS THYROTOXICOSIS; HYPERSECRETION OF THE THYROID GLAND? | GRAVES DISEASE |
| WHAT TERM IS USED FOR ENLARGEMENT OF THE THYROID GLAND? | GOITER |
| EXOPHTHALMOS IS A SYMPTOM OF WHICH ENDOCRINE DISORDER? | GRAVES DISEASE |
| WHAT IS THE DESCRIPTION OF TETANY? | CONSTANT MUSCLE CONTRACTION |
| NATR/O IS THE COMBINING FORM FOR WHAT SUBSTANCE? | SODIUM |
| WHAT IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS? | LITTLE OR NO INSULIN PRODUCED |
| WHAT IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROPATHY, NEPHROPATHY, AND RETINOPATHY? | SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS. |
| WHAT IS THE DESCRIPTION OF A THYROID SCAN? | ADMINISTRATION OF RADIOACTIVE COMPOUND AND VISUALIZATION WITH A SCANNER TO DETECT TUMORS OR NODULES. |
| WHAT IS ACTH? | ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC |
| KAL/I MEANS WHAT? | POTASSIUM |
| PAN- MEANS WHAT? | ALL |
| WHAT ARE THE 2 ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN THE SCROTAL SAC OF A MALE? | TESTES |
| WHAT HORMONE IS PRODUCED BY THE OVARIES? | PROGESTERONE |
| TOXIC/O MEANS WHAT? | POISON |
| WHAT IS ENLARGEMENT OF THE EXTREMITIES; PITUITARY GLAND? | ACROMEGALY |
| WHAT IS T3? | TRIIODOTHYRONINE |
| WHAT IS PERTAINING TO MIMICKING OR COPYING THE EFFECT OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM? | SYMPATHOMIMETIC |
| HOME/O MEANS WHAT? | SAMENESS |
| WHAT IS PRODUCED BY THE ISLET CELLS OF THE PANCREAS? | INSULIN |
| WHAT IS THE ENDOCRINE GLAND BEHIND THE STOMACH? | PANCREAS |
| WHAT IS THE TENDENCY IN AN ORGANISM TO RETURN TO AN EQUILIBRIUM OR CONSTANT, STABLE STATE? | HOMEOSTASIS |
| TRI- MEANS WHAT? | THREE |
| WHAT IS A MALE HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE TESTES? | TESTOSTERONE |
| ADEN/O MEANS WHAT? | GLAND |
| WHAT IS A LOW SPERM COUNT CALLED? | OLIGOSPERMIA |
| WHAT IS THE TIGHTNESS IN THE FORESKIN OF THE PENIS KNOWN AS? | PHIMOSIS |
| WHICH STRUCTURE PROVIDES THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENT FOR SPERM MATURATION? | EPIDIDYMIS |
| WHAT IS THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE TESTICLES CALLED? | ORCHIECTOMY |
| WHAT IS THE DILATION OF THE VEINS OF THE SPERMATIC CORD CALLED? | VARIOCELE |
| WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR COWPER'S GLANDS? | BULBOURETHRAL GLAND |
| WHAT IS A NON CANCEROUS ENLARGEMENT OF THE PROSTATE CALLED? | BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY |
| WHAT IS REOVAL OF PART OF THE PROSTATE THROUGH THE URETHRAL CALLED? | TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION |
| WHTA IS THE SURGICAL REMOVAL OF THE FORESKIN? | CIRCUMCISION |
| WHAT IS THE INFLAMMATION OF THE GLAND PENIS? | BALANITIS |
| WHAT IS THE MEDICAL TERM FOR UNDESCENDED TESTICLES? | CRYPTOCHIDISM |
| HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES ARE DONATED FROM EACH THE MALE AND FEMALE TO MAKE ONE WHOLE CELL? | 23 FROM EACH, MAKING 46 TOTAL FOR ONE CELL. |
| THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD LASTS FOR HOW LONG? | 2-8 WEEKS |
| THE FETAL PERIOD LASTS FOR HOW LONG? | 9 WEEKS TO BIRTH |
| WHAT ARE THE 3 PHASES TO PREGNANCY? | CONTRACTIONS, DELIVERY OF INFANT, DELIVERY OF PLACENTA |
| WHAT ARE THE 2 DIFFERENT DELIVERIES OF THE PLACENTA? | DUNCAN & SHULTZ |
| WHAT ARE THE 3 PARTS TO THE UMBILICAL CORD? | 2 VEINS & 1 ARTERY |
| WHAT IS THE APGAR SYSTEM? | A SYSTEM OF RATING THE BABIES COLOR, MOOD, AND RESPONCE AT DELIVERY AND THEN 5 MINUTES LATER. |
| WHAT ARE THE 3 PRIMARY GERM LAYERS? | ECTODERM, MESODERM, AND ENDODERM. |
| WHERE IS THE FORAMEN OVALE LOCATED? | BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIA |
| WHERE IS THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS LOCATED? | BETWEEN THE PULMONARY TRUNK AND THE AORTA. |
| WHERE IS THE DUCTUS VENOSUS LOCATED? | LIVER |
| WHAT IS HCG? | HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTRPOIN |
| WHAT DO YOU CALL A PERSON WHO STUDIES NEONATES? | NEONATEOLOGIST |
| HCG DOES WHAT? | MAINTAINS THE CORPUS LUTEUM |
| RELAXIN DOES WHAT? | INHIBITS CONTRACTIONS |
| LACTOGEN DOES WHAT? | STIMULATES THE ENLARGEMENT OF MAMMARY GLANDS |
| ALDOSTERONE DOES WHAT? | INCREASES SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION |
| PTH DOES WHAT? | INCREASES CALCIUM |
| THE POSTNATAL PERIOD IS HOW LONG? | 6 WEEKS |
| THE NEONATAL PERIOD IS HOW LONG? | 1ST 4 WEEKS |
| DURING THE NEONATAL PERIOD WHAT IS THE OFFSPRING CALLED? | NEONATE |
| WHAT IS COLLOSTRUM? | FIRST MILK, ANTIBODIES |
| WHAT IS INVOLUSION? | CONTRACTION OF THE UTERUS; IT GETS SMALLER |
| WHAT GLAND SECRETS CORTISOL? | ADRINAL CORTEX |
| WHAT IS A VASECTOMY? | CLIPPING OF VAS DEFERENS |
| WHAT IS A LIGATION? | CUT AND TIE |
| WHAT IS SEMEN ANALYSIS? | SPERM COUNT |
| WHAT ARE MINERAL SALTS FOUND IN BLOOD AND TISSUE? | ELECTROLITES |
| WHAT HORMONES COME FROM THE MEDULLA? | EPINEPHRINE AND NOR EPINEPHRINE |
| DIABETES INSIPIDUS IS WHAT? | THE MALFUNCTION OF THE PITUITARY GLAND. |
| WHAT IS AN OVUM? | GAMETE |
| WHAT IS THE LATIN WORD FOR OVARIES AND FALLOPIAN TUBES? | ADNEXA UTERI |
| WHAT IS AN INFECTION OR INFLAMMATION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES? | SALPINGITIS |
| WHAT ARE THE FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS ON THE FALLOPIAN TUBES? | FIMBRIAE |
| MENARCHE IS WHAT? | 1ST PERIOD |
| WHAT IS MENOPAUSE? | LAST PERIOD |
| WHAT IS ENDOMMETRIOSIS? | IS A CONDITION IN WHICH TISSUES THAT MAKE UP THE LINING OF THE UTERUS GROW OUTSIDE THE UTERUS. |
| THE PROSTATE GLAND IS WHERE? | SURROUNDS THE URETHRA AND IS BELOW THE BLADDER |
| THE VAS DEFERENCE IS CONNECTED WHERE? | FROM THE EPIDIDIMOUS TO THE URETHRA |
| CHANCRES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT STD? | SYPHILIS |
| WHAT ARE THE TUBES/COILS ON TOP OF THE TESTICLES? | EPIDIDIMOUS |
| THE TIP OF THE PENIS IS WHAT? | GLANS PENIS |
| SEMEN ENTERS THE URETHRA FROM WHAT? | EJACULATORY DUCT |
| WHAT IS THE CONGINITAL ABNORMALITY OF THE URETHRA? | HYPOSPADIAS |
| WHAT IS THE ABREVIATION USED FOR TREATING TISSUE WITH COLD? | CRYO |
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