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Nervous system chp12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cephal/o | head |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| encephal/o | brain |
| gli/o | glue |
| medull/o | medulla oblongata |
| mening/o | meninges |
| meningi/o | meninges |
| myel/o | spinal cord |
| neur/o | nerve |
| phas/o | speech |
| poli/o | grey matter |
| pont/o | pons |
| radicul/o | nerve root |
| thalam/o | thalamus |
| thec/o | sheath (meninges) |
| ventricul/o | brain ventricle |
| -algesia | pain, sensitivity |
| -esthesia | feeling, sensation |
| -paresis | weakness |
| -phasia | speech |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -taxia | muscle coordination |
| Olfactory I | smell |
| Optic II | vision |
| Oculomotor III | controls eye movement and pupils |
| Trochlear IV | Controls oblique eye muscles |
| Trigeminal V | Carries sensory facial impulses |
| Abducens VI | turns eye side to side |
| Facial VII | controls facial muscles |
| Vestibulocochlear VII | hearing and equilibrium |
| Glossopharyngeal IX | swallowing |
| Vagus X | supplies most organs in abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| Accessory XI | controls the neck and shoulder muscles |
| Hypoglossal XII | Controls tongue muscles |
| aura | sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to an epileptic seizure or migraine headache |
| coma | profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting form an illness or injury |
| conscious | condition of being awake and aware of surroundings |
| convulsion | severe involuntary muscle contractions |
| delirium | abnormal mental state; confusion, disorientation, and agitation |
| focal seizure | localized seizure often affecting one limb |
| hemiparesis | weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on only one side of the body |
| neurology | diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the nervous system. |
| palsy | temporary or permanent loss of the ability to control movement |
| paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling |
| seizure | sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms; such as in an epileptic seizure |
| syncope | fainting |
| tremor | involuntary repetitive alternating movement of a part of the body |
| unconscious | condition or state of being unaware of surrounding, with the inability to respond to stimuli |
| absence seizure | last a few seconds; loss of awareness and absence of activity. Also called petit mal seizure |
| Alzheimer's disease | Chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia |
| astrocytoma | tumor of the brain or spinal cord that is composed of astrocytes, one of the types of neuroglial cells |
| Brain tumor | can still be fatal even if it is benign |
| cerebral aneurysm | localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel, usually an artery |
| cerebral contusion | bruising of the brain; longer than 24 hrs unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock |
| cerebral palsy (CP) | non progressive brain damage resulting from a defect, trauma, or oxygen deprivation at the time of birth |
| cerebrovascular accidnet (CVA) "Stroke" | development of an infarct due to loss in the blood supply to an area of the brain |
| concussion | brain shaken inside of skull from blow or impact; can result in unconsciousness, vomiting, dizziness, unequal pupil size, and shock; 24hrs |
| epilepsy | recurrent disorder of the brain; seizures and loss of consciousness as result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in the brain |
| hydrocephalus | cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain; enlarged head |
| Parkinson's disease | chronic disorder of the nervous system w/ fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and a shuffling gait. |
| Reye syndrome | acute encephalopathy and damage to various organs, especially the liver. Affects children under 15 yrs of age who have had a viral infection |
| tonic-clonic seizure "Grand mal seizure" | seizure characterized by a loss of consciousness and convulsions. strong continuous muscle spasms(tonic); rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation(clonic); Grand mal seizure |
| Transient ischemic atack (TIA) | temporary interference with blood supply to the brain |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) "Lou Gehrig's disease" | disease w/ muscle weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of spinal cord. |
| meningocele | congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through an opening in the vertebral column ; Spina bifida |
| myelomeningocele | congenital meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the vertebral column ; Spina bifida |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord |
| spina bifida | congenital defect in the walls of the spinal canal in which the laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close |
| spinal cord injury (SCI) | damage to the spinal cord as a result of trauma; bruised or completely severed |
| Bell's palsy | one sided facial paralysis due to inflammation of the facial nerve, viral in nature. can't control salivation, tearing of eyes, or expression |
| Guillain-Barre syndrome | disease of nervous system; nerves lose their myelin covering autoimmune reaction; characterized by loss of sensation and/or muscle control starting in the legs |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which there is extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from nerves |
| Myasthenia gravis | disease w/ severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a snyapse |
| shingles | eruption of painful blister on the body along a nerve path. thought to be cause by a herpes zoster virus infection of the nerve root |
| epidural hematoma | mass of blood in the space outside the dura mater of the brain and spinal cord |
| subdural hematoma | mass of blood forming beneath the dura matter if the meninges are torn by trauma; May exert fatal pressure on the brain if the hemotoma is not drained |
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis | examination of the clear, watery, colorless fluid from within the brain and spinal cord. infections and the abnormal presence of blood can be detected in this test |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) | measurement can be taken of oxygen and glucose uptake, cerebral blood flow, and blood volume |
| Babinski reflex | helps determine lesions and abnormalities in the nervous system. Great toe extends instead of flexing; flexion is the normal reflex |
| electroencephalography (EEG) | records electrical activity of brain |
| lumbar puncture (LP) | puncture w/ needle into the lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for injection of anesthesia; also called spinal tap |
| Nerve conduction velocity | measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve. |
| Nerve block | injection of regional anesthetic to stop the passage of sensory or pain impules along nerve path |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| ANS | autonomic nervous system |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CP | cerebral palsy |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA (stroke) | cerebrovascular accident |
| CVD | cerebrovascular disease |
| EEG | electroencephalogram, electroencephalography |
| HA | headache |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| PET | positron emmission tomography |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| SCI | spinal cord injury |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
Created by:
tammiemcconnell
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