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Diversity, Cultural
Wayland Baptist University: Cultural Diversity Class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do members the members of a dominate or majority group. | Minority group |
| A group that is socially set apart because obvious physical differences | Racial group |
| A group set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns | Ethnic group |
| The mistaken notion of a genetically isolated human group | Biological race |
| The ratio of a person's mental age (as computed by an IQ test) to his or her chronological age, multiplied by 100. | Intelligence quotient |
| A doctrine that one race is superior | Racism |
| A sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed. | Racial formation |
| The systemic study of social behavior and human groups | Sociology |
| A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and power in a society | Stratification |
| As defined by Max Weber, people who share similar levels of wealth | Class |
| A sociological approach emphasizing how parts of society are structured to maintain its stability | Functionalist perspective |
| An element of society that may disrupt a social system or decrease its stability. | Dysfunction |
| A sociological approach that assumes that the social structure is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups. | Conflict perspective |
| Portraying the problems of racial and ethnic minorities as their fault rather than recognizing society's responsibilities. | Blaming the victim |
| A sociological approach introduced by Howard Becker that attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants and others engaging in the same behavior are not. | Labeling theory |
| Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account | Stereotypes |
| The tendency to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes, a predisposition that can lead one to validate false definitions. | Self-fulfilling prophecy |
| A general term that describes any transfer of population | Migration |
| leaving a country to settle in another | Emigration |
| Coming into a new country as a permanent resident | Immigration |
| Worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade, movements of people, and the exchange of ideas | Globalization |
| A foreign power's maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over people for extended period | Colonialism |
| A View of the global economic system as divided between nations that control wealth and those that provide natural resources and labor | World systems theory |
| The treatment of subordinate people as colonial subjects by those in power | Internal Colonialism |
| The deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation | Genocide |
| Policy of ethnic Serbs to eliminate Muslims from parts of Bosnia | Ethnic Cleansing |
| The physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a subordinate group by dominant group | Segregation |
| The physical separation of racial and ethnic groups reappearing after a period of relative integration | Resegregation |
| A minority and a majority group combining to form a new group | Fusion |
| The process by which a dominant group and a subordinate group combine through intermarriage to form a new group | Amalgamation |
| Diverse racial and ethnic groups or both, forming a new creation, a cultural entity | Melting Pot |
| The process by which a subordinate individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominate group | Assimilation |
| Mutual respect between the various groups in a society for one another's cultures, allowing minorities to express their own culture without experiencing prejudice or hostility | Pluralism |
| The development of solidarity between ethnic subgroups, as reflected in the terms Hispanic or Asian American | Panethnicity |
| The status of being between two cultures at the same time, such as the status of Jewish immigrants in the United States | Marginality |
| The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others | Ethnocentrism |
| Criminal offense committed because of the offender's bias against a race, religion, ethnic/national origin group, or sexual orientation group | Hate Crime |
| A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as racial or ethnic minority | Prejudice |
| Ethnic or racial slurs, including derisive nicknames | Ethnophaulisms |
| The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons | Discrimination |
| A person or group blamed irrationally for another person's or group's problems or difficulties | Scapegoating Theory |
| A Phsychological construct of a personality type likely to be prejudiced and to use others as scapegoats | Authoritarian Personality |
| A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the US as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism | Exploitation Theory |
| The view that prejudice is influenced by societal norms and situations that encourage or discourage tolerance of minorities | Normative Approach |
| Unreliable exaggerated generalization about all of a group that do not take individual differences into account | Stereotypes |
| Any arbitrary police-initiated action based on race, ethnicity, or natural origin rather than person's behavior | Racial Profiling |
| Use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal status quo | Color-Blind Racism |
| Tendency to approach or withdraw from a racial group | Social Distance |
| Technique to measure social distance toward different racial and ethnic groups | Bogardus Scale |
| An interactionist perspective stating that intergroup contact between people of equal status in noncompetitive circumstances will reduce prejudice | Contact Hypothesis |
| The denial of opportunities and equal righs to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons | Discrimination |
| The conscience experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities | Relative Deprivation |
| The minimum level of subsistense below which families or individuals should not be expected to exist | Absolute Deprivation |
| The combination of current discrimination with past discrimination created by poor schools and menial jobs | Total Discrimination |
| A denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups resulting from the normal operations of a society | Institutional Discrimination |
| Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reportedto government. Common in inner-city neighborhoods and poverty stricken rural areas | Informal Economy |
| Division of the company into two areas of employment, the secondary one of which is populated primarily by minorities working at mental jobs | Dual Labor Market |
| The pattern of discrimination against people trying to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods | Redlining |
| Efforts to ensure that hazordoussubstances are controlled so that all communities receive protection regardless of race or socioeconomic circumstances | Environmental Justice |
| Positive efforts to recruit subordinate members, including women, for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities | Affirmative Action |
| Actions that cause better qualified White men to be passed overfor women and minority men. | Reverse Discrimination |
| The barrier that blocks the promotion of the qualified worker because of gender or minority membership | Glass Ceiling |
| A barrier to moving laterally in business to positions that are more likely to lead to upward mobility | Glass Wall |
| The male advantage experienced in occupations dominated by women | Glass Escalator |
| Immigrants sponsor several other immigrants who upon their arrival may sponsor still more | Chain Immagration |
| The fear of hatred of strangers or foreigners | Xenophobia |
| Beliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants | Nativism |
| People with a fear of anything associated with China | Sinophobes |
| immigration to the United States of skilled workers, professionals, and technitions who are desperately needed by their home countries | Brain Drain |
| Families in which one or more members are citizens and one or more are noncitizens | Mixed Status |
| Conferring of citizenship on a person after birth | Naturalization |
| The monies that immigrants return to their country of origin | Remittances |
| Worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade, movements of people, and the exchange of ideas | Globalization |
| Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin and settlement | Transitionals |
| People living outside their country of citizenship for fear of political or religious persecution. | Refugees |
| Foreigners who have already enered the United States and now seek protection because of persecution or a well-rounded fear of persecution | Asylees |
| Rights or immunities granted as a particular benifit or favor for being White | White Priviledge |
| Marcus Hansen's contention that ethnic interest and awareness increase in the third generation, among grandchildren of immigrants | Principle of third-generation interest |
| Herbert Gan's term that describes emphasis on ethnic food and ethnically associated political issues rather than deeper ties to one's heritage | Symbolic Ethnicity |
| The religious dimension in American life that merges the state with sacred beliefs | Civil Religion |
| People who support literal interpretation of the biblical book of Genesis on the origins of the universe and argue that evolution should not be presented as established scientific thought | Creationists |
| View that life is so complex that it must have been created by a higher intelligence | Intelligent Design |
| Groups, such as Amish, that reject both assimilation and coexistence | Secessionist Minority |
| The maintenance of one's ethnic ties in a way that can assist with assimilation in larger society | Ethnicity Paradox |
| Laws that defined the low position held by slaves in the United States | Slave Codes |
| An emphasis on the customs of African cultures and how they have pervaded the history , culture, and behavior of blacks in the United States around the world | Afrocentric Perspective |
| Distinctive dialect with a complex language structure found among many Black Americans | Ebonics |
| Whites and free Blacks who favored the end of slavery | Abolitionists |
| Southern laws passed in the late nineteenth century that kept Blacks in their subordinate position | Jim Crow |
| Legal provisions forbidding Black voting in election primaries, which in one-party areas of the South effectively denied Blacks their right to elected officials | White Primary |
| The act of making amends for the injustices of slavery | Slavery Reparation |
| Communities where non-Whites were systematically excluded from living | Sundown Towns |
| A private contract or agreement that discourages or prevents minority-group members from purchasing housing in a neighborhood | Restrictive Covenant |
| Children assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separated schools | De Jure Segregation |
| A tactic promoted by Martin Luther King Jr., based on the belief that people have the right to disobey unjust laws under certain circumstances | Civil Disobedience |
| Also called rotten apple theory; the belief that the riots of the 1960s were caused by discontented youths rather than by social and economic problems facing all African Americans | Riff-Raff Theory |
| The conscious experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities | Relative Deprivation |
| The increasing sense of frustration that legitimate needs are being blocked | Rising Expectations |
| Segregation that is the result of residential patterns | De Facto Segregation |
| All-Black schools | Apartheid Schools |
Created by:
bjthe3rd
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