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PMI chapter 9
PMI chapter 9 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A-line | A catheter placed in an artery |
| AV shunt/fistula/graft | The permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein by direct fusion. |
| Basal state | The resting metabolic after a 12hr fast (morning) |
| Bilirubin | A product of the breakdown of red blood cells |
| CVAD | Central Vascular Access Device |
| CVC | Central Vascular Catheter |
| Diurnal/circadian | Daily occurrence / biologic rhythms or variations having a 24 hour cycle |
| Edema | Swelling due to abnormal accumulations of fluid in the tissues |
| Exsanguination | Blood loss to a point where life cannot be sustained |
| Hematoma | A swelling or mass of blood (bruise) |
| Hemoconcentration | A decrease in the fluid content of the blood (increases RBC) |
| Hemolysis | Destruction of RBC's |
| Homolyzed | The condition of serum or plasma that contains hemoglobin from broken RBC's |
| Heparin/saline lock | A catheter or cannula temporarily inserted into a vein, used for administering medication or drawing blood |
| Iatrogenic | Used to describe an adverse condition brough on by the side effects of treatment |
| Icteric | A specimen description for when the serum, plasma or urine sample is marked By yellow brown color from high bilirubin levels |
| Implanted port | A chamber attached to an in-dwelling line surgically implanted under the skin (upper chest or arm) |
| IV | Pertaining to or within a vein |
| Jaundice | A condition characterized by increased bilirubin |
| Lipemia | Increased lipid count in the blood |
| Lipemic | Serum or plasma that appears milky due to high lipid content |
| Lymphostasis | Obstruction or stoppage of lymph flow |
| Mastectomy | Breast excision or removal |
| Petechiae | Droplets of blood from capillaries that escape when a tourniquet is applied |
| PICC | Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter |
| Preanalytical | Prior to analysis |
| Pre-examination | Prior to analysis (term used by ISO) |
| References ranges | Normal laboratory test values for healthy individuals |
| Sclerosed | Hardened |
| Pre-analytical | (before analysis) Begins when test is ordered, ends when testing begins. |
| Syncope | Medical term for fainting |
| Reference interval | The high/low limits for test result comparison. Performed against known healthy values. |
| Thrombosed | Clotted - refers to a vessel affected by clotting |
| Basal state | The resting metabolic rate after a 12h fast. Usually performed in the morning. |
| Vasovagal | Sudden faintness due to abrupt pain |
| Venous stasis | Stagnation of normal blood flow |
| Altitude | Increases RBC, O2,HCT, HGB, C-reactive protein. Decreases urinary creatinine and plasma renin |
| Dehydration | Physiological variable from a lack of total body fluid. Can lead to hemoconcentration of RBC, enzymes, Fe, Ca, Na and coagulation factors |
| Diurnal/circadian variations | The levels blood exhibit daily (diurnal) or in a 24h cycle (circadian). Can be effected by posture, activity, eating, daylight, darkness, sleep, or lack of sleep. |
| Age | The values for blood components including: WBC, RBC, creatine and organ function |
| Diet | Can affect result 8-12 hours after a meal. Content varies results |
| Drug therapy | Changes concentrations of blood analyzes and affect sensitivity |
| Exercise | Affects blood components for up to 24hrs, varies by pt condition, duration and intensity |
| Fever | Affects hormone levels |
| Gender | Affects concentration of blood components |
| Intramuscular injection | Can increase levels of CK and LDH |
| Position | Affects filtering of fluids through tissues |
| Pregnancy | Ganges emergence ranges and can affect body fluid counts |
| Smoking | Can negatively affect immune response |
| Stress | Short elevations of WBC, decreased serum iron levels. Increased ACTH, catecholamine, and cortisol levels. |
| Temperature and humidity | Influences composition of body fluids, heat causes increase in plasma, excessive sweating without replenishment causes hemoconcentration. |
| Burns, scars, tattoos | Avoid these areas due to potential impaired circulation from burns and scars. Tattoo dyes can interfere with testing |
| Damaged veins | Sclerosed or Thrombosed veins can occur from inflammation, disease or chemotherapy. Scarring can occur from numerous venipunctures or illegal drugs. should be avoided due to erroneous test results and impaired blood flow. |
| Obesity | Can cause difficulties in vein location |
Created by:
Craig480
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