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World History Final
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the total war? | When all countries devore all their resources to war effort. |
| Define Propaganda. What is its purpose? | one-sided information designed to persuade or influence popular opinion. |
| What was the Zimmerman note? | secret telegram sent to Mexico from Germany asking Mexico to join the war against the U.S. in return for territory; it helped push U.S. into WW1. |
| What did the armistice do? | Brought WWI to an end. |
| What area was considered the "powder keg" of Europe? | Balkans Penninsula |
| Schlieffen Plan-what was it? What was its purpose? | Germany's plan to prevent a two front war; it called for a quick strike on France and then sent troops to fight Russia on the eastern Front. |
| What did the Allies hope to gain through the Gallopoli Campaign? | gain control of the Dardanelles Strait; victory over the Ottoman Turks and created an open supply line to Russia. |
| When did the U.S. enter WWI? | April 2,1917 |
| Battle of the Marne-Significance? | one of the 1st Major battles of WWI. fought to a stalemate and brought an end to the Schiefflen Plan and forced Germany to fight a two front war. |
| Cause of WWI? | nationalism,imperialism, militarism |
| Where was the Eastern Front? Western Front? | E: along German and Russian Border W: Germanys border with Russia; Northern France |
| List some of the new weapons used in WWI: | machine guns, poison gases, armored tanks, larger atriliery |
| League of Nations-what was it and who formed it? | international association whose goal would be to keep peace; Woodrow Wilson |
| What was the "spark" that started WWI? | assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| What were the Fourteen Points? What were its main principles? | Postwar peace plan proposed by Woodrow Wilson; freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret treaties, reduction of national armies and navies, self determination |
| What advantages did Russia have during WWI? | Large population |
| Why did Germany use unrestricted submarine warfare? | To keep cargo ships from reaching Britain |
| CHAPTER | 14 |
| What were the Five-Year Plans intended to do? What were their goals? | modernized economy; created industrial growth. |
| What did the Indians hope to gain by fighting with the Allies in WWI? | indepence; self-government |
| What was the Great Purge? | A campaign of terror in the Soviet Union, which Joesph Stalin sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power. |
| Define Soviet: | one of the local representative council formed in Russia after downfall of Czar Nicholas II. |
| What was the Long March? | 6000 mile jouney made in 1934-1935 by Chinese Communists fleeing from Jiang Jieshi national forces. |
| What happened to the Ottoman Empire after WWI? | After WWI, only Turkey remained |
| What was the Salt March? Who led it? | Gahal led Indians to the sea to make salt in protest of British War. |
| Define Duma: | Russias First Parliment |
| What were the results of industrialization under the last Russian Czar? | Strikes by factory and railroad workers, child labor, increased growth in the production of steel and foreign investment. |
| What is a comman economy? | government controls all economic decisions |
| Who were the Bolsheviks? | Russian Marxist Revolutionaries |
| How were nationalist movements in Southwest Asian similar? How were they different? | Both Turkey and Iran modernized while Saudi Arabia limited their reforms to relifiously acceptable areas. |
| What forced Great Britain to grand India self-rule? | Continuous campaign of civil disobedience. |
| How did the actions of Alexander III and Nicholas II promote revolution in Russia? | Autocratic government and didnt reform. |
| What stopped the Chinese Civil War? | Japan invaded Manchuria. |
| Which event influenced nationalism in Southwest Asia? | Break up of ottoman empire and western interest in the area |
| CHAPTER | 15 |
| What factors contributed to a decline in the U.S. economy in the late 1920's? | uneven distribution of wealth, over production by buisness and agriculture products |
| What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Republic? | Lacked a democatic tradition; inflation, large numbers of political parties. |
| New Deal- What/goals? | economic refore program designed to solve the problems created by the Great Depression; Tried to stimulate the economy through government spending. |
| What is jazz? | new popular musical style that emerged in the U.S. |
| What were the results of the Great Depression? | Banks closed, buisnesses failed, increased unemployment, famers lost land |
| Who were the Axis Powers? | Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| What was the Lost Generation? | new generation, put new styles and got rid of old tradition |
| What was the Kellogg-Brand Act? | National Peace Agreement |
| What started the Great Depression? | Stock Market crashed |
| Fascism-What does it stress? | Nationalisms |
| What was the purpose of the Munich Conference? | Address the problems of the German threat to Czechoslovakia. |
| What was the Kristallnacht? | "Night of the Broken Glass" the night of Novemember 9,1938, on which Nazi storm troopers attack Jewish homes, buisnesses, and synagouges throughout Germany. |
| What was the nonagression pact? | an agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another-divide Poland |
| What was the Dawes Plan? | 200 million dollar loan to Germany to strengthen the German economy and control inflation. |
| Which two nations had the strongest economies after WWI? | U.S. and Japan |
| By the 1930's, what was the most common form of governent in Eastern Europe? | totalitarism |
| CHAPTER | 16 |
| Explain the Lend-Lease Act. | allowed the U.S. to lend, lease, or sell weapons and supplies to the Allies. |
| Explain what occured on D-Day. | Allied invasion of France at Normandy; liberated France from Nazi control. |
| Define Blitzkrieg. What country implemented it? | lightning war- a form of warefare in which suprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces; Germany-First was used against Poland. |
| What happened to Japanese Americans during WWII? Why? | placed in internment camps because of their Japanese ancestry. |
| What event started WWII? | German invasion of Poland |
| What cause U.S. to enter WWII? | Bombing on Pearl Harbor |
| What were the Nuremburg Trials? Who was tried? | Trial Nazi leaders for war crimes; crimes against humanity. |
| What was the strategy of island-hopping? | allies strategy to attack only porrlt defended island in the Pacific to move closer to Japan |
| What was Hitler's Final Solution? Name of the the largest extermination camps? | Genocide against those considered inferior-especially Jews; Auswitchz |
| Battle of Midway | Turned tide of the war-in favor of the Allies and allowed them to take them to take the offensive for the 1st time. |
| Battle of Dunkrik | 338,000 Allied troops were rescued by sea and taken across the English Channel. |
| Battle of Bulge | Last unsuccessful German offensive of the war; forced to retreat towards Germany. |
| Battle of Stalingrad | Battle between Germany and Russia; German troops forced to surrender due to harsh Russian winter and large Russian army. |
| How did the Allies finally achieve victory in the war of the Pacific? | by dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. |
| What was the Atlantic Charter? | Declaration to protect free trade. |
| How did the U.S. try to end Japanese agression in Southeast Asia? | cut off oil shipments to Japan. |
| Why did Stalin try to convince the Allies to invade France? | Relieve pressure on Soviet armies |
| CHAPTER | 17 |
| Explain the American policy of containment. Give examples of how the United States tried to hold up their policy. | Strop the spread of communism; Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan |
| Identify NATO and Warsaw Pact. When and hwy were they formed? | NATO:defensive military alliance(1949) formed in response to the Berlin Blockade. Warsaw Pact: alliance(1955) Soviet Union and 7 eastern countries formed response to NATO. |
| Explain what the Bay of Pigs invasion was. Was it successful? | unsuccessful invasion of Cuba by anti-communist Cuban rebels. |
| What was destalinization? | critize Stalins abuses of power. |
| What was Sputnik? What was the United States reaction to Sputnik? | 1st unmanned sattelite launched by the Soviet Union; U.S. increased spending on education and technology. |
| What was the cultural revolution? Who started it? Which class of people was seen important to the revolution? | Mao's attempt to revive the Communist revolution in China, peasants were seen as the new heroes. |
| How did the superpowers attempt to influence Third World Countries? | sponsored revolutions and counterrevolutions; provided military aid, build schools, used secret operation |
| Explain the U.S. policy known as Vietnamization. | American trained southern Vietnamese so that U.S. troops could withdraw from Vietnam. |
| What was the goal of the Truman Doctrine? | strengthen Europes ability to resist communism. |
| What prompted the U.S. to move from brinkmanship to detente? | many internal conflicts at home, especially protests over Vietnam. |
| What did Stalin hope to accomplish with the Berlin Blockade? | prevent the Allies from reuniting Germany. |
| What was detente? Examples? | a policy of reducing cold war tensions.-SALT I and II, Nixon visits China. |
| Who fought in the Chinese Civil war? | Communists vs. Nationalists |
| Which policy was used to justify U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War? | Domino Theory |
| What were Third World countries? | developing nations; non-aligned with superpower during the Cold War. |
| What was the Marshall Plan? | U.S. program of economic aid to european countries to help them rebuild after WWII. |
| CHAPTER | 18 |
| Who were the Zionists? | people who favored the Jewish national homeland in Palestine. |
| When did the Camp David Accords take place? Where? Which countries met? Who represented each country? What was accomplished? | 1979 @ Camp David; Marylan; egypt represented by Sadat and Israel represented by Begin; known as land for peace deal that lead to the first signed peace agreement between Israel and an arab nation |
| What was the Balfour Declaration? | promored the idea of creating a Jewish homeland while protectioing the rights of existing non-Jewish state failed. |
| What were the two groups that fought for power in India? What was the outcome? | Muslim and Hindu; India was partitioned into India and Pakistan. India became the World's largest democracy. |
| What occured in Algeria during the 1990's. | civil war between the government in an Islamic Militants(FLN) |
| What were the causes and results of the Six-Day war? | Arab countries blockaded Isreals Outlet to the red Sea. |
| Identify the congress Party and Muslim League. | Congress party: a major national political party in India. Muslim League: an organizzation formed in 1906 to protect the interests of india's Muslims |
| What occured between India & Pakistan after the partitioning of India? | fought in war in Kashmir |
| What was the FLN? | naionalist group tat fought for independence ni Algeria. |
Created by:
K_takeuchi2
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