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WS Final
Final Vocabulary words for World Studies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| became a state of China after the Manchus invaded; isolated themselves after the two invasions | Korea |
| became powerful around 1599; developed a settlement in CapeTown and it was their headquarters for their trade routes in the east; first to challenge Portuguese dominance of trade | Dutch |
| Manchu ruler who lowered taxes, was a patron of the arts, and enjoyed Jesuits at courts he gained intellectual support by offering government positions to them | Kangxi |
| Ming; launched the first of seven voyages in 1405; son of Hongwu and moved the capital to Beijing; he wanted to impress the world and expand the tribute system | Yonglo |
| traded with Europeans only if they did it on their terms (pay tribute and trade at special ports) | China |
| led the rival army that drove out the Mongols; ruled from Nanjing; reforms restored agricultural lands, erased traces of the Mongols, and promoted power and prosperity | Hongwu |
| invaders of China from the North before the Ming | Mongols |
| invaders form the north of Manchuria that invaded China in 1644 and established the Qing dynasty; made Korea a vassal state | Manchus |
| led all of Yonglo’s voyages in the Indian Ocean | ZengHe |
| brought China to the height of its prosperity; it then crumbled beneath him | Qian-long |
| country of the Dutch | Netherlands |
| built colonies in present-day America meant to bring wealth and prosperity to their nation | Britain |
| food production increased and nutrition improved which lead to a population explosion; males were favored above females because they could preform more useful tasks, therefore many female infants were killed | Qing Dynasty |
| 1368 to 1644; became more prosperous; females could work as midwives or textile workers | Ming Dynasty |
| line dividing the non-European world into Spain and Portugal. It was agreed upon in the Treaty of Tordesailles. | Line of Demarcation |
| What inspired the spirit of adventure and curiosity that developed? | The Renaissance |
| When were Europeans first introduced to goods from the East | The Crusades |
| These were farms the Spanish ruled and the Native Americans had to work to pay off debts. They had the right to demand labor and tribute from the Native Americans | Encomienda |
| Who commended the evils of the encomienda system? | Bartolome de las Casas |
| What happened because of Bartolome de las Casas and the encomenda system? | Africans were brought in because the Spanish passed the New Laws of the Indies |
| people of Native American and European descent | mestizos |
| people of African and European descent | mulattoes |
| people born in Spain | peninsulares |
| people of Spanish descent born in the Americas | creoles |
| economic policy that wanted to strengthen a nation by exporting more than it imported and their real wealth is measured in gold | mercantilism |
| belief that kings are given the power to rule from God himself | divine right of kings |
| complete authority over the everyday lives of people | absolutism |
| Whose foreign policy included conquering and spreading the Spanish Catholic faith and domestic policy included an absolute monarchy? | Philip II |
| Frederick II of Prussia seizes Silesia; he wants to conquer more land because he thinks Maria Theresa is weak; Maria Theresa went to Hungary, normally an enemy. Maria Theresa never succeeded in pulling Frederick II out of Silesia, but she kept her empire | War of the Austrian Succession |
| Philip V inherited the throne of Spain; both Spain and France were from the same family; Lead by England, they fought so that the crows were not combined | War of the Spanish Succession |
| Series of wars beginning in Bohemia; the Catholic king of Bohemia, Ferdinand sought to suppress Protestants and to assert power over the nobles | Thirty Years' War |
| Britain was the real winner; it spread over four continents; it started after Maria Theresa’s alliance with France and the frenzy of alliances resulting because of it | Seven Years' War |
| document signed by many countries to allow Maria Theresa to rule Prussia | Pragmatic Sanction |
| What laid the foundation for limited monarchy in England? | The Glorious Revolution under Charles II |
| king in 1154; he expanded royal justice by accepting customs into law | Henry II |
| Huguenot prince who inherited the French throne and changed his religion to make people happy; he was a realpolitik; "Paris is well worth a mass." | Henry IV |
| King of France in 1226, he was deeply religious and killed Jews | Louis IX |
| the boy king, under his “rule” Mazarin controlled all aspects; after the fronde, he became very strict for France | Louis XIV |
| What allowed Huguenots to practice their own religion under Henry IV? | Edict of Nantes |
| What was when the monarchy was put back into place after Oliver Cromwell had taken power, under Charles II? | Restoration |
| Who often consulted the Parliament? | Tudors |
| Who often DID NOT consult the Parliament? | Stuart |
| Other England ruling house that is not the Tudors or Stuarts | Hanover |
| Austrian ruling house | Hapsburg |
| Russian ruling house | Romanov |
| Prussian ruling house | Hohenzollern |
| used satire against his opponents; fought for freedom and equality | Voltaire |
| man is basically good in nature | Locke |
| man is basically evil in nature | Hobbes |
| believed in political liberty and separation of power | Montesquieu |
| sharply criticized the absolute monarchy | Wollenstonecraft |
| This person believed that the free market regulates business activity. He believed in laissez faire. The government has the duty to protect rights of the people. He believed in supply and demand. | Adam Smith |
| This Estate included the clergy and government officials | First Estate |
| This Estate Included merchants | Second Estate |
| This Estate included slaves and peasants | Third Estate |
| What was the system that divided people into classes in France? | Old Regime |
| This was the document written by the French modeled after the US declaration of Independence. All men were born equal and governments exist to protect the people. Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security against oppression. | Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen |
| when Robespierre used the guillotine to enforce the laws of France and kill the enemies of the revolution. It got way out of control in the end and Robespierre was finally consumed by it | Reign of Terror |
| blockade against Britain. It did not work because people smuggled in goods, the blockade wasn’t strong enough, and Britain responded with their own strong blockade | Continental System |
| What government was instituted after the Terror? | The Directory |
| After Napoleon put his cousin on the throne, he had to keep troops to make sure he would stay. However, this made him have to have more thinned out troops. What is this called? | Peninsular Campaign |
| What led to the collapse of Napoleon's empire? | Nationalism, alliances against him, and the failed Peninsular Campaign |
| What was the chief goal of the Congress of Vienna? | restore stability and order to Europe after years of war |
| What industry gave birth to the Industrial Revolution in Britain? | textile |
| Which group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution? | owners of the businesses |
| What did Marx predict would happen because of capitalism? | He believed the working class would overthrow capitalism |
| Bismarck launched this campaign so that the Catholics and socialists would put their loyalties in Germany because the people wanted equality. This backfired on Bismarck | Kulturkampf |
| Who took Bismarck out of power? | Wilhelm II |
| What were the obstacles to Italian unification? | Separate parts of Italy were nationalistic to their section of the country, so they did not want to be united with one another. Each section had different rulers. |
| How did Cavour achieve unification? | Cavour ends Austrian power in Italy and annexed the provinces of Lombardy and Venetia. He had a voice at the peace conference after the Crimean War. Garibaldi helped unite Southern Italy and then turned it over to Victor Emmanuel |
| In late 1800s, who competed for industrial domination of Europe? | Germany and Britain |
| What were the Allied goals of the Gallipoli campaign? | to get a supply line through Constantinople to Russia |
| What were the weaknesses of the Weimar Republic? | The Weimar Republic had many small parties and the coalitions that the chancellor had to form easily fell apart. The parties often fought one another. Runaway inflation because of the Ruhr Valley brought unrest to the republic. |
| France withdrew the forces that it had in the Ruhr Valley so that the German economy could begin to prosper. The Americans gave loans to the Germans, then the Great Depression hit. What was this plan called? | Dawes Plan |
| settled the disputes of Germany’s borders with France, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Belgium. It was a symbol of peace | Locarno Treaty |
| pact sponsored by the US signed by almost all independent nations to renounce war. Because of it, they pursued disarmament. Navies were reduced, but armies were not restricted. | Kellogg-Briand Pact |
| centralized authoritarian government that is not communist and glorifies the state over any individual person. | Fascism |
| What was the only eastern European country still a democracy by 1935? | Finland |
| living space for German people | lebensraum |
| What happened in Spain’s Civil War? | It consisted of the Nationalists (with Franco) and Loyalists after Franco led a bloody revolt. Other countries soon jumped in, including Hitler. |
| What was Franco the leader of? | the fascist dictatorship in Spain |
| What was when Britain and France chose appeasement and left Hitler take Czechoslovakia instead of war? | Munich Conference |
| a series of post-war pacts set up by Britain and the US to solidify them as allies | Atlantic Charter |
| What was the Allies’ plan for victory over the Nazis? | destroy their economy and morale by constant bombing |
| What combination led to the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad? | cold and outflanking by Soviets led to the German defeat |
| massive fortification line between Germany and France’s border | Maginot Line |
| leader of the Free French resistance moment in Britain | Charles de Gaulle |
| leader of Germany’s Vichy government | Henri Petain |
| encryption machine used by the Nazis to decode messages | enigma |
| navy leader blocking Japan during their island-hoping | Charles Nimitz |
| led the American forces during their island-hopping; he came back for the soldiers in the Philippines | Douglas MacArthur |
| first Allied offensive battle in the Pacific Ocean | Battle of Guadalcanal |
| British commander who defeated Erwin Rommel and haulted his advance in North Africa | Bernard Montgomery |
| general in North Africa that helped trap the Nazis and make Erwin Rommel surrender | Dwight Eisenhower |
| codename for D-Day | Operation Overlord |
| American general during D-Day that broke the German defenses and advanced towards Paris | George Patton |
| battle of the war in Belgium where Germany went full offensive and both sides took heavy casualties but the Allies prevailed | Battle of the Bulge |
Created by:
mrbuttercowiscool
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