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World Hist. review
RCHS World History (Martignoni) Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the production of more food than needed called? (Hint: It is the main factor leading to a civilization.) | Surplus |
| Which ancient civilization was in the Fertile Crescent? | Mesopotamian Civilization |
| Which ancient civilization was the first dynasty in China known to have been existing in China? (Hint: They believed in the afterlife and had war chariots.) | Shang Dynasty |
| What was the legendary dynasty said to have come before the Shang Dynasty? | Xia Dynasty |
| Which ancient civilization's people mysteriously disappeared without a trace? (Hint: They declined due to drought and environmental factors.) | Harappan Civilization |
| Which ancient civilization believed in an elaborate afterlife and is known for the pyramids? | Egyptian Civilization |
| What was the event that led to nomadic peoples switching to settled life and agriculture? | Neolithic Revolution |
| After the Harappans, which group of people came into India bringing their Indo-European language and the ideals of Vedism? | Aryans |
| Which Babylonian ruler set his laws in stone for everyone to see? (Hint: A lot of his laws involved an eye for an eye.) | Hammurabi |
| Which group of people lived in the area now Lebanon/Syria and created the basis for the alphabet today? | Phoenicians |
| Which Greek city-state valued the military greatly and had a strong, well disciplined land army? (Hint: Women in this city-state exercised a lot to have healthy babies.) | Sparta |
| Which Greek city-state had a strong navy and valued the individual? (Hint: They were the first to have democracy.) | Athens |
| What is the Chinese philosophy made by Han Feizi and was adopted by the Qin Dynasty? | Legalism |
| What is the Chinese philosophy in which filial piety and obedience are stressed? | Confucianism |
| Who was the man from Macedonia who conquered land up to the Indus River and introduced Greek ideas to the conquered areas? (Hint: The culture he created was known as the Hellenistic culture.) | Alexander the Great |
| Which empire conqured Carthage and was lead by men like Julius Caesar? | Roman Empire |
| What was Rome before it became an empire under Caesar Augustus? | Republic |
| Which lines on a map are horizontal? | Latitudes |
| Which lines on a map are vertical? | Longitudes |
| Which longitude runs through London, France, and Algeria, and is at 0 degrees? | Prime Meridian |
| Which latitude runs through Ecuador, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia? | Equator |
| What is the term for the firstborn son inheriting the family property? | Primogeniture |
| What was the writing of the Sumerians/Mesopotamians called? | Cuneiform |
| What was the writing of the Ancient Egyptians called? | Hieroglyphics |
| What was the title of an Egyptian king? | Pharaoh |
| What is the main staple food of China? | Rice |
| What is the process by which animals are used for human labor? | Domestication |
| What is the study of ancient peoples using the materials they left behind? | Archaeology |
| What is the name for the group of languages that includes Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, and Farsi? | Indo-European Languages |
| What is the first book in the Vedas called? (Hint: It is a collection of hymns and prayers.) | Rig Veda |
| What is the name of the annual wind and rain pattern in India? | Monsoon |
| What is the specific name for social classes in Hinduism? | Castes |
| What is the belief that every action has an equal reaction in Hinduism? | Karma |
| What is the belief in doing one's duty in Hinduism? | Dharma |
| Who founded Buddhism? | Siddartha Gautama |
| What is salvation called in Buddhism? (Hint: It is the name of a modern-day band ;).) | Nirvana |
| Who was the founder of Judaism? (Hint: He was the one who had the Covenant with God.) | Abraham |
| What is the term for the mass exile of a people from their homeland? (Hint: This happened to the Jews twice.) | Diaspora |
| What is the name for the Jews from Northern and Eastern Europe? | Ashkenazi |
| What is the language drived from German spoken by Ashkenazi? (Hint: Mazel tov means good luck in this language.) | Yiddish |
| What is the name of the Jews from the west Mediterranean and the Middle East? | Sephardic |
| What was the split in Christianity that occurred around the 11th century? | Great Schism |
| What were the two branches that resulted from the Great Schism? | Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church |
| What was the empire in the east that was ruled by Constantine after the split in the Roman Empire? (Hint: It survived up until it was conquered by the Ottomans after the Crusades.) | Byzantine Empire |
| What was the name of the series of campaigns led by Pope Urban II which were aimed at kicking Islam out of Europe and Jerusalem? | Crusades |
| Who founded Islam? | Mohammed |
| What is the holy city of Islam which is found today in Saudi Arabia? | Mecca |
| What is the tent that stands in Mecca? (Hint: That is the direction in which Muslims pray to.) | Kab'ah |
| What is the largest denomination of Islam? | Sunni |
| What is the smaller denomination of Islam that believes in Mohammed's clan having right to rule? | Shiite |
| What is law based off of Islam called? | Shar'ia |
| What is the holy book of Islam? | Quran |
| What is the holy book of the Jews with the first five books of the Old Testament? | Torah |
| What are the five pillars of Islam? | Faith in Mohammed and Allah, prayer five times a day, pilgrimage to Mecca, charitable giving, fasting (Ramadan) |
| What is the most common head covering worn by many Muslim women? | Hijab |
| What is belief in the possibility of god(s)? | Agnosticism |
| What is belief in one god? | Monotheism |
| What is belief in many gods? | Polytheism |
| What is belief in no god? | Atheism |
| What is belief in numerous spirits and afterlife? | Animism |
| What is the Jewish place of worship? | Synagogue |
| What was the Medieval social structure? | Feudalism |
| Who were the group of people in feudalism who were attached to their land and farmed it? (Hint: They were not slaves but were pretty much the same thing.) | Serfs |
| What happened in the late 14th century that led to the end of the Middle Ages? | Renassiance |
| What city did the Renassiance begin in? | Florence |
| What were some reasons for Italy being the start of the Renassiance? | Italy was in a good location for trade with the Middle East, Italy had a large fleet from the Crusades, many educated people fled from Constantinople and Jerusalem to Italy, hunger for riches and goods found in the Middle East |
| Describe the Medieval art style. | Gold background, babies looking like adults, mainly holy paintings, very solemn expressions, 2-dimensional |
| Describe art style in the Renassiance. | Actual background, realistic people, secular (worldly) depictions, more varied expressions, more depth and 3-dimensionality |
| Describe art in the Baroque Period. | VERY dramatic, heavy use of light and shadows |
| Who was the Chinese explorer who made several voyages all the way to East Africa collecting tribute? | Zheng He |
| Why did the Ming Dynasty stop Zheng He's voyages? | They believe little could be gained from the voyages. Also, nomadic invaders were threatening China in the north. |
| Who was the main emperor in the Qin Dynasty who adopted Legalism and forced peasants to build the Great Wall? | Shi Huangdi |
| Which two European nations BEGAN a maritime revolution that altered the course of history forever? | Portugal and Spain |
| What was the Columbian Exchange? | Transfer of peoples, animals, goods, and diseases between the Old World and the New World |
| What was the deadliest disease in the Americas which almost wiped out the natives? | Smallpox |
| Which country occupied most of the Brazilian coast by the end of the 16th century? | Portugal |
| What was the right to extract labor and tribute from the Native Americans called? | Economienda |
| Which group of peoples overtook the economic importance of Amerindian slaves? | African slaves |
| Who were creoles? | American-born whites |
| What was mercantilism? | A government policy that protected trade and accumulation of metals |
| What was the name for the journey from Africa to the Americas? (Hint: It is very infamous for the horrible sanitary conditions common to the African slaves.) | Middle Passage |
| Why were African slaves brought into the Americas? | Almost all of the Native Americans had died from disease, so slaves had to be brought in from somewhere else. |
| How were the colonies affected by mercantilism? | They were forced to export metals to their mother country and buy manufactured goods only from the mother country. |
| What treaty divided the western hemisphere for the Spanish and the eastern hemisphere for the Portuguese? | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| What modern-day country were the Incans located in? | Peru |
| What was the name of the British joint-stock company which traded with India? | East India Company |
| Who was the famous nonviolent freedom fighter in India? | Gandhi |
| In what year did India gain its independance? | 1947, after WWII |
| What three countries was British India divided into? | India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (later on) |
| What was the White Man's Burden? | Belief that Europeans should go out and help "civilize" other "barbarian" peoples |
| How were Europeans able to divide China into spheres of influence? | Europeans had superior weapons and defeated China during the Opium Wars and Chinese rebellions |
| How did the Haitian Revolution affect America? | African slaves in America rebelled (mainly in the Southern States) |
| Why did the situation for Haiti get worse after the Haitian Revolution? | Their economy declined due to lack of trade (Other nations did not want to trade with Haiti for fear of slave revolts in their countries.). |
| What two countries are within the island of Hispanola? | Dominican Republic and Haiti |
| What did the British initially use Australia as? | A penal colony for prisoners |
| What happened during apartheid in South Africa? | A white minority had unfair advantages over an African majority. |
| Describe the resources and farmland of Japan. | Very few resources and little arable land |
| Why did the British expand their Cape colony north in South Africa? | They discovered gold and diamonds up north. |
| What were some Dutch colonies? | Indonesia, South Africa (Boers), Suriname |
| Why did England come first in the Industrial Revolution? | Close proximity to sea, well-defined borders, efficient farming, textile center important, weaker guilds, stable political situation, canals and roads, colonies throughout the world, good economy, lots of innovation and patents |
| What were some inventions in England that were related to weaving? | Flying shuttle (John Kay), Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves), cotton mill (Henry Arkwright) |
| Describe King Louis XVI. | Very weak and undecisive, not fit to be ruler, not willing to be ruler, too much into extravagance |
| What was the name of the prison that the French people stormed and brought down? | Bastille |
| Who was King Louis XVI's financial advisor? (Hint: His removal caused anger among the people.). | Jacques Necker |
| Who was Maxmillian Robspierre? | Head of the Third Estate (which represented the middle class and the peasants) |
| Why did King Louis XVI send money to America, leading to economic downturn in France? | He wanted to fund the American Revolution against the British. |
| Who wrote the newspaper The People's Friend? | Jean Paul Marat |
| How did Marat die? | He was stabbed by a young girl while he was bathing. |
| Why did the French revolutionaries declare war on Austria and Prussia? | They were planning to invade France and reinstate King Louis XVI on the throne. |
| Who was Madame Deficit? | Marie Antoinette (wife of King Louis XVI) |
| What was the main instrument of execution during the French Revolution? | Guillotine |
| What did the Third Estate call themselves after they were locked out of the court of King Louis XVI? | The National Assembly |
| Who was Voltaire? | A famous Enlightenment thinker whose writings influenced the American and French Revolutions |
| Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? | A brilliant general who became Emperor of France and conquered all of Europe |
| Why is Napoleon Bonaparte considered so important? | He introduced a law code throughout all of Europe and still exists today. |
| Describe the Irish Potato Famine. | In 1845, a fungus destroyed most of the potatoes that Irish depended on for food, causing them to starve and get evicted. This led to many of them emigrating to America. |
| What was the name for the series of Russian emperors before 1917? | Tsars |
| Why were the Crimean War and the Russo-Japanese War important for Russia? | It showed their weakness, motivating the people to rebel later on. |
| Who was the man who greatly influenced Nicholas II's wife? | Rasputin |
| What was the name of the group that took over Russia in the March 1917 revolution? | Bolsheviks |
| What was the name of Lenin's secret police which used terror against the White Guards? | Cheka |
| What was the name of Lenin's successor? (Hint: He was one of the most cruel and totalitarian leaders of Soviet Russia.). | Josef Stalin |
| What were Russian prison camps called? | Gulags |
| What was the catalyst for World War I? | Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo |
| What were some causes of World War I? | Alliances (Triple Alliance and Triple Entente) and Nationalism |
| What was the German plan to quickly annihilate France through Belgium and then fighting Russia before it mobilized (during WWI)? | Schlieffen Plan |
| What happened on the Eastern front of World War I? | Stalemate, then Russia lost land until it made peace after the Bolshevik Revolution |
| Why did America join World War I? | German unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmerman Telegram (Germany asked Mexico to attack the US) |
| What ethnic group was massacred by the Ottomans during WWI? | Armenians |
| What was the convention in which regulations were made on the fair treatment of prisoners? | Geneva Convention |
| What was the convention in which conventions were made against use of devastating weapons like poison gas and fighter planes? | Hague Convention |
| What was the treaty after WWI which was very harsh to the Germans and caused WWII? | Treaty of Versailles |
| Who was the last emperor of China? | Pu Yi |
| Who led the Nationalist Revolution against the Chinese emperor in 1911 and what was the name of the nationalist organization he led? | Sun Yat Sen; Kuomingtang |
| Who led the Republic of China (in mainland China) after Sun Yat Sen up until the communists took over? | Chiang-Kai Shek |
| Where did Chiang-Kai Shek and the Kuomingtang flee after the communists took over China? | Taiwan |
| Who was the first leader of Communist China? | Mao Zedong |
| What was the aim of Mao's first five-year plan? | To end Chinese dependence on agriculture and create more industrialization |
| What happened in the Great Leap Forward under Mao? | Peasants were at first encouraged and then forced to join collectives. |
| What was the initial goal of the Hundred Flower's Campaign? | To have the government open to people's critiques; however, it ended with the government cracking down on protesters. |
| What are the central ideas of fascism? | Strength through unity, the state is more valuable than the individual, intense nationalism, capitalism |
| What was Hitler's name for Nazi Germany? | The Third Reich |
| What was the Nazi racial ideology? | Aryans are the master race and should be ruling the world; Germans are pure Aryans; Jews are greatest threat to Aryan domination |
| What was the Nazi secret police called? | Gestapo |
| What was the name of Hitler's personal guard unit? | SS |
| What was the term for "lightning war" during WWII? | Blitzkrieg |
| What were the laws that reduced Jewish rights in Nazi Germany? (Hint: The name was also given to the trials in which Nazi officers were convicted.) | Nuremburg Laws |
| What was the book Hitler wrote during his imprisonment? (Hint: It means "my struggle") | Mein Kampf |
| What was the term for the annexation or union of Nazi Germany with Austria? | Anschluss |
| What was the name for the series of coordinated pogroms against Jews in Nazi Germany? (Hint: It means "Night of Broken Glass") | Kristallnacht |
| What was the pact between Germany and Italy prior to WWII? | Pact of Steel |
| What was the name for the military action in which the Nazis made a surprise offensive into the Soviet Union? | Operation Barbarossa |
| What was the key turning point in the European theater in WWII? | The Battle of Stalingrad |
| What was the military action in which the United States invaded North Africa? | Operation Torch |
| What event occurred on June 6, 1944 and is to this day the largest amphibious invasion ever conducted? | D-Day landings (codenamed Operation Neptune) |
| What was the name of the conference near the end of WWII in which the Allies decided on Germany's future? | Yalta Conference |
| What was the name of the international peacekeeping group created after WWI? After WWII? | League of Nations; United Nations |
| What was the name of the plan to rebuild Germany and other countries devasted by WWII? | Marshall Plan |
| Who was the president who agreed to drop atomic bombs on Japan? | Harry Truman |
Created by:
crobot
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