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WH II-Reformation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Martin Luther | Lutherism, Monk and professor, thought that humans were weak, and powerless against the almighty God. Justification by Faith. Excommunicated after church rejected his ideas, and he then helped change the religious ways in Germany. |
| John Calvin | Institutes of the Christian religion, secured his position as a new leader of Protestantism. had the idea of "power, grace, and glory of God." predestination |
| 95 theses | Luther issued a stunning indictment of the abuses in the sale of indulgences |
| Indulgences | remission, after death, of all or part of the punishment due to sin. |
| priestly Corruption | Martin Luther’s complains about the higherarcy were corrupt and living a wealthy life when they had taken a oath of poverty, clergy in general were not educated to the point that they didn’t understand what they were teaching. |
| Justification by Faith | the act by which a person is made deserving of salvation. |
| predestination | God’s plan that some people were to be saved and others were to be damned. |
| Visible Saints | people who appeared to be godly and when they died they would go to heaven. |
| Ignatius Loyola | founded the Jesuits; he was grounded on the ideas of absolute obedience to the papacy. |
| Jesuits | the society of Jesus. |
| Council of Trent | a group of high church officials that met in the city of Trent. They discussed the Catholic teachings and decided to return to the traditional ways. |
| Henry VIII | Went behind the Pope's back after he was denied the annulment. He went to the archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, who granted his wishes and announced the marriage VOID. |
| Act of Supremacy | an act that declared that the King was “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England,” and a position that gave him control of doctrine, clerical appointments and discipline. |
| Queen Mary | a Catholic that attempted to return England to Catholicism. She angered many people, and be the end of her reign, England was more protestant than it had started off as. |
| Elizabeth I | took the throne in 1558, England had less than 4 million people in it, she moved quickly to solve the religious problem. She removed the Catholic Law’s of Mary, and the new act of supremacy declared her the only supreme governor. Spanish Armada conflicts. |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists |
| St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre | August 24, 1517, Catholic church versus the Protestant religion. Catholic church urged France that the Protestants were becoming too powerful and may soon take the throne. Over 100,000 Protestants were brutally murdered. |
| Henry IV | the political leader of the Huguenots, succeeded the throne as Henry IV, and he then later converted to Catholicism. In 1594 the Wars of Religion came to stop along with his coronation. |
| Edict of Nantes 1598 | solved the religious problem by recognizing that Catholicism was the official religion of France, and it allowed Huguenots to worship and enjoy political privileges, and to hold a place in public office. |