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The Renaissance
Includes vocab, important events, famous people, and important information.
| Term/Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lorenzo De' Medici | Cosimon Medici's grandson, know as "The Magnificent." Generous Patron of the art. Under him, Poets and Philosephers visited his palace |
| Cosimo Medici | Know as "Father of the father lands", gained control in 1434, had successful banking buisness. Money and wealth translated into political power. |
| Patron | Financial supporter, usually of the arts. |
| Humanism | Study that focuses on wordly subjects, rather than religion. |
| Humanities | subjects taught in ancient roman and greek schools. These include Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry, and history. |
| Francesco Petarch | Florentine from the 1300s, found and assembled a greek and roman library of manuscripts. Famous for "Sonnets To Laura" |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Born in 1452, known for disecting corpses, brilliant painter and inventory. His intrests extended to botonoy, music, optics, anatomy, architecture, and engineering. |
| Famous Works of Leonardo da Vinci | The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and models of flying machines and submarines. |
| Michelangelo | Genius sculpter, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Painted mural on sistine chapel. |
| Famous works of Michelangelo | "Pieta'", "David", design for dome on St. Peter's Cathedral. |
| Raphael | Famous young painter know for his painting "The School of Athens" |
| Baldassare Castiglione | Wrote "The Book of the Courtier" |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Florence diplomat, wrote "The Prince" |
| Perspective | Technique that gives paintings 3D effects. |
| Renaissnace means ________ and stresses ________ _________ | rebirth, individual achievement. |
| Most renaissance women painters kept their art _____. | secret, using their husbands. |
| Albrecht Durer | Travled to italy from germany in 1494 to study techniques or italian masters. Went home and employed these methods of art, especially engravings. Helped spread renaissance. Known as "German Leonardo" for his wide ranging interests. |
| Jan Van Eyck | Developed Oil paint, painted relgious scenes and pictures townfolks in believable scenes. |
| Engravings | artists sketch designs on metal plates with acid, then makes prints with plate. |
| Vernacular | everyday language |
| Utopian | ideal society |
| Francois Rabelais | French humanist, had careers as a monk, physician, an author, and a greek scholar. Wrote "Garbantua and Pantagruel" a story of two gentle giants. Used characters to offer oppinions on religion, eduaction, and other subjects. |
| William Shakespeare | Famous playwright, wrote 37 plays. more than 1,700 words apeeared in his work for the fist time, including bedroom, lonely, generous, gloom, heartsick, hurry, and sneak. |
| Miguel de Cervantes | Wrote "Don Quixote" story of a foolish, yet realistic knight. Famous spanard. |
| Johann Gutenberg | Designed a printing press, made book more available and cheaper, even to lower class citizens, more learned to read. |
| Peter Bruegel | Painted scenes of daily life. |
| Sir Thomas More | Used his wrtings to praise the chruch. |
| Protestant Reformation | a relgious act in which new calls for reform unleashed forces that shattered the christian unity. |
| Martin Luther | German monk who triggered the revolt, professor in theology. Upset with the indulgences, he nailed "The 95 Thesis" to the door of the Wittenburg's All Saints Church. He was excommunicated by Charles V. |
| Indulgence | lessening of a time the soul would have to spend in purgatory |
| Recant | To give up one's views. |
| The Peace of Augsburg | document signed in 1555 allowing each prince to choose a religion for his kingdoms, the north mostly Lutherine, the south mostly Catholic. |
| John Calvin | Razonr-sharp mind, follower of Luther. Born IN france, published "The Intitutes of the Christian Relgion. Preached predistination, formed the Calvinists. |
| John Knox | Calvinist preacher, overthrew Catholic queen, set up Scottish Presbyterian Church. |
| Predestination | the idea that god had long determined who would gain salvation. |
| Theocracy | government run by church leaders. |
| Henry VIII | First stood againsts the Protestant Revolt. He then could not have a boy with his first wife, and wanted to be annuled. The pope declined it. He then took over the english church. |
| Anabaptist | belived only adults should be baptised. |
| Annul | to cancel |
| Canonize | to make a saint |
| Elizabeth I | compromised between protestant and catholic practices. Made England a firmly protestant nation. |
| Council of Trent | A council that met on and off for almost 20 years, declared that bible is not the only source of religious truth, took steps to end abuse in church. Salvation through good works and faith. |
| Compromise | acceptable middle ground. |
| Jesuits | went on crusade to spread of Catholic faith, spread it to distant lands. |
| Teresa of Avila | symbolized renewal of immense catholic faith. Born into a wealthy spanish family, set up her own order of nuns. Her text very important, later canonized. |
| Scapegoat | one to blame problems on. |
| Ghetto | a neighborhood for jews. |
| Dutch Calvinists | Allowed jewish refugees to settle in the netherlands. |
| Who was often accused of being witches? | women |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish scholor, proposed earth was heliocentric. Observed sky every night with telescope. Thought planets moved in perfect circle. |
| Heliocentric | sun-centered |
| Johannes Kepler | german astonomer, Copernicus's assistant, showed that planets did not move in perfect circle. |
| Galileo Galilei | observed moons of jupiter orbitting around it. Proved the revolving theory, threatened to execution unless he took back his studies. |
| Hypothesis | educated guess |
| Scientific Method | step-by-step process of discovery. |
| Francis Bacon | argued that truth is not know at begining of inquiry, but at the end of investigation. Wanted physical teachings to fit into teachings of church. Stress Experiment and observation. |
| Rene' Descartes | empahsized human reasoning as the best road to understand. Wrote "Discourse on Method" and decided to discard all tradition authorites and search for provable knowledge. "I think, therefor I am" |
| Isaac Newton | discovered basic principles of gravity. Wrote "Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosophy" explaining the laws of gravity and other workings of the universe. Vowed that all motions could be measured. Helped develope calculus. |
| Gravity | force pushing on objects |
| Robert Boyle | distinguished between physical compounds and elements. Explained temperature and pressure on gases. |
| Copernicus's ideas controdicted_____ and was not believed becuase of it. | Ptolemy's ideas. |
| Galens works were incorrect in | anatomy. |
| Clergy | leaders in religion |
| Important Information | 1517 full scale revolt against catholic--luther says christians saved by fauth alone---Nailed thesis to All Saints Church---Closed converts and monastaries, seized church land, and gave it to nobles for support(King Henry VIII)---King Henry not true Prot. |
| Important Information II | --Spain exiled all Jews in 1492, but still regrets the decision today, Italy kept the jews---Copernicus published "The Revolutions of the Heavenly Sheres"---Newton-Calculus---Medicis-Wealthy Merchants and Bankers, Patrons of art--- |
| Bacon and Descartes Differences | Bacon stressed experimintation and observation, Descartes emphaisized human reasoning. |
Created by:
Bobervin
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