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History chpt. 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geocentric Theory | Moon, Sun, and planets revolved in perfectly circular paths around Earth |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish, Heliocentric theory- Everything revolves around sun, "On the Revolutions of the human body" |
| Tycho Brahe | Danish, Recorded movements of planets |
| Johannes Kepler | Brahes assistent Basic Laws that proved Copernicus' ideas true (orbit in ellipse not circle) |
| Galileo | Telescope, book "Starry Messenger", Conflicts with church (house arrest until death) |
| The Scientific Method | Problem/question from observation Form a hypothesis Test a hypothesis in experiment/basis of data Analyze/interpret data to reach a new conclusion |
| Bacon | Expericism/experimetal theory |
| Descartes | France, everything doubted until proven by reason, " I think therefore i am" |
| Newton | English, Law of Universal Gravitation "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" -Universe is like a giant clock |
| Janssen | First telescope |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Used microscope to -observe bacteria -examined red blood cells |
| Torricelli | Mercury Barometer atmospheric pressure, determined weather |
| Vesalius | Dissected human corpses "On the Structure of the Human Body" |
| Jenner | Vaccine to prevent smallpox |
| Robert Boyle | "The Sceptical chemist" Boyle's Law- Volume, temp, and pressure effect each other |
| Enlightenment | Age of Reason |
| Hobbes | "Leviathon", Absolute monarchy People give power to strong ruler (gain law and order) |
| Locke | Favored Self-government, all people born free and equal Life, liberty, and property, Modern democracy |
| Voltaire | Exiled from France to England "I do not agree w/ a word you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it" |
| Montesquieu | "On the Spirit of Laws" |
| Rousseau | Individual Freedom, Direct Democracy, "The Social Contract" -All people are equal, titles of nobility should be abolished |
| Beccaria | Ideas on criminal justice |
| Mary Astell | "A serious proposal to the Ladies", lack of women's educational opportunities |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | "A Violation of the Rights of Women", salons- women gatherings to spread Enlightenment ideas |
| Emile du Chatelet | Translated Newton's work from Latin to French |