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WS Unit 4
Industrialism and Imperialism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrialism | A social or economic system built on manufacturing industries. |
| Mechanization | Use of machines, either wholly or in part, to replace human or animal labor. Vulcanization |
| Enclosure movement | Process in and Wales by which land was fenced in, thus ending grazing live stock, farming, etc on property belonging to another person. |
| Benefits of Industrialization | efficient production, cheaper products, independence for women, increased population |
| Problems of Industrialization | overcrowding, pollution, crime, tenements, increased population, migration from rural to urban areas, environmental |
| Infrastructure | The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. |
| Textiles | The branch of industry involved in the manufacture of cloth |
| Innovations of industrialization | Steam engine, machines, factories, railroads, steam boats, division of labor, interchangeable parts |
| Migration | Movement of people to a new area or country in order to find work or better living conditions. |
| Wages | A fixed regular payment, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis, made by an employer to an employee, esp. to a manual or unskilled worker. |
| Communism | A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. |
| Socialism | A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community/state as a whole. |
| Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
| Bourgeoisie / proletariat | The middle class who own most of society's wealth and means of production/Workers or working class people. |
| Communist Manifesto | Written by Marx and Engels (1842) describing the history of the working-class movement according to their views. |
| Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels | Founders of modern communism. Wrote Communist Manifesto together. |
| Laissez Faire | A "hands-off" approach to the economy characterized by minimal governmental interference in or regulation of the businesses and economic transactions. |
| Adam Smith | Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade in his writing, The Wealth of Nations. |
| Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
| Dependent Colonies | Colonies in which a few officials from one country (usually European) rule (non-European) people of another country. |
| Protectorate | Colonies in which native rulers keep their titles, but officials of the foreign power actually control the regions. |
| Settlement Colonies | Large groups of people from one country living together in a new country. |
| Spheres of Influence | Areas in which one country has a special interest, and other nations agree to respect that interest. |
| Rudyard Kipling’s White Man’s Burden | Poem that expressed the European attitude toward non-Western people during the imperialist era that supposed the white culture to be superior, and thus the duty of the whites to transfer it to the natives. |
| Paternalism | System of governing colonies in much the same way that parents guide their children. |
| Motives for Imperialism | Political superiority |
| Nations leading colonial exploration | England, France, Belgium, Germany |
| Regions that were colonized | Africa, Asia |
| Benefits of Imperialism | railroads, education, health clinics |
| Negative consequences of imperialism | external control, mono-cropping (monoculture), ethnic groups divided up, rival ethnic groups united, imposed political boundaries |
Created by:
raiver
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