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Unit 6 1914-1990
Lauren Carlos
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nationalism | Spread by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Self-determination suggested that each ethnic group had a right to a sovereign state.Considerable nationalistic tensions in Ottoman, Hapsburg, and Russian empires. |
| The Cold War | In 1945, the United States and Soviet Union were allies, jointly triumphant in World War II, which ended with total victory for Soviet and American forces over Adolf Hitler's Nazi empire in Europe. |
| Nuclear Arms Race | Terrifying proliferation of nuclear weapons by both sides. NATO and Warsaw Treaty Organization amassed huge weapons stockpiles. |
| The Great Depression | The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II.It became worldwide news with the stock market crash of October 29, 1929.It quickly spread to almost every country in the world. |
| Korean War | A war between the Republic of Korea (supported by U.S.) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (supported by the People's Republic of China). It was the result of the political division of Korea by an agreement of Allies at the end of World War II. |
| Rise of Feminism | Status of women changed dramatically after WWII in industrialized states.Women demanded full equality with men, access to education and employment.U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids discrimination on basis of race or sex |
| Russian Revolution | Destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The Tsar was replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution of 1917. In the second revolution the Provisional Government was replaced with (Communist) government. |
| Iranian Revolution | Repressive rule overthrown by Islamist followers of Ayatollah Khomeini, 1979.Khomeini attacked United States for support of the shah .Militants shut down U.S. military base.In fluenced terrorist actions. |
| Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels | were the founders of modern socialism and communism.Marx and Engels' ideas came to be known as 'Marxism', which greatly influenced the development of socialist ideas. |
| V.I Lenin | 1.A revolutionary Marxist.Saw importance of a well-organized, disciplined party for revolution.German authorities delivered Lenin to Russia, 1917, to take Russia out of war. Headed radical Bolshevik Party: demanded power to soviets, withdrawal from war. |
| Josef Stalin | "Man of steel": Georgian by birth, Russian nationalist by conviction. Stalin favored "socialism in one country," not international socialism. Eliminated all rivals; by 1928, unchallenged dictator of Soviet Union |
| Mao Zedong | A Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution. He was the founding father of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and held control over the nation until his death. |
| Fidel Castro | A Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976.Marxist thought and anti-imperialist ideas. |
| Mohandas Gandhi | Influenced non-violence.Spent twenty-five years in South Africa, embraced tolerance and nonviolence.Became political and spiritual leader, called the Mahatma. Opposed caste system.Led Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement. |
| Diego Rivera | Active in the Mexican Communist Party, blended art and political ideas in large murals.Rivera's art provoked controversy in the United States,because it visualized the economic dependency and political repressiveness engendered by U.S. neo-colonialism. |
| Treaty of Versailles | was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Consisted of harsh terms: reparations, economic restrictions. |
| League of Nations | Created to maintain world peace.Forty-two members, twenty-six of them outside Europe.The league had no power to enforce its decisions. Collective security depended on all major powers, but United States never joined. |
| Pearl Harbor attack | 7 December 1941 the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japanese pilots. United States declared war on Japan.Germany and Italy declared war on United States. |
| August 1945 | Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killed two hundred thousand. |
| Holocaust | Long history of anti-Semitism created tolerance of Nazi's anti-Jewish measures.At first Nazis encouraged Jewish emigration.Many Jews were unable to leave after Nazis took their wealth.Nazi conquest of Europe brought more Jews under their control |
| Final Solution | Began with slaughter of Jews. By end of 1941, German special killing units had killed 1.4 million Jews. By 1942 Nazis decided to evacuate all European Jews to camps in east Poland, In Auschwitz alone at least one million Jews were killed. |
| September 11, 2001 | Coordinated attack on World Trade Tower and Pentagon. Source identified as Islamic militant Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda network. Angered by U.S. presence in Saudi Arabia; proclaimed jihad. |
| Imperial Japan | Japanese troops destroyed tracks on Japanese railroad, claimed Chinese attack. Incident became pretext for Japanese attack against China. Military, acting without civilian authority, took all Manchuria by 1932 |
| Central Powers | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire (loosely associated with Germany) |
| Truman doctrine | United States would support "free peoples resisting subjugation".Perception of world divided between so-called free and enslaved peoples. Interventionist policy, dedicated to "containment" of communism. |
| Allies | Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente, or the Allies.Shifting series of treaties ended with a military pact, 1914 |
| The Peace Treaties 1919 | French insisted on destroying German military.Central Powers forced to accept war guilt and pay reparations for cost of war. New states were added to eastern Europe.Overall, the peace settlement was a failure. |
| Bay of Pigs | In April 1961 the CIA-sponsored invasion of Cuba failed. Diminished U.S. prestige in Latin America. |
| Cultural Revolution | In 1966-1976 millions subjected to humiliation, persecution, and death in China. The idea was to root out "revisionism." Educated elites targeted; setback for Chinese education and science.Died out after Mao's death in 1976. |
| Marshall Plan | In 1948 the U.S. aid for the recovery of Europe. Idea to rebuild European economies and strengthen capitalism. Soviet response: Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) for its satellite nations, |
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