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WHPN CH 17 Sec 4
History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Right of every Adult Male to Vote called? | Universal Manhood Suffrage |
| What is a Draft for Military Service called? | Conscription |
| WHat actions aimed Counter To, or Against, the French Revolution called? | Counter Revolution |
| What is the Seizure of power by Force called? | Coup d'etate |
| What does the word Coup d' etate mean? | Stroke of State |
| Who was the Jacobin leader in the National Convention who was Executed during the Reign of Terror? | Georges Jacques Denton |
| Who was another Jacobin leader in the National Convention who was executed during the Reign of Terror? | Maximillien Robespierre |
| Name the three (3) main groups that made up the National Convention? | 1) Girondists 2) Jacobins 3) Sans-Culottes/ No Definite views but leaned toward the Jacobins |
| Describe the three groups that made up the National Assembly? | 1) Girondist represented the Middle Class & feared Domination by France 2) Jacobins were Radicals, Wanted France Domination, Wanted reforms to benefit all classes 3) Sans-Culottes/Radicals led by Jean-Paul Marat, mainly peasants who fought in French Rev |
| What was a program initiated in Sept 1793-July 1794, to systematically suppress all opposition to the Revolution? | The Reign of Terror |
| What kinds of people were among the Reign of Terror's victims? | People from all classes. Anyone thought to be disloyal was executed. Gov. leaders, royalty, nobility, clergy, bourgeoise and peasants. |
| What was the largest class of people that were executed during the Reign of Terror? | Peasants and Laborers |
| What were the circumstances that made Napoleon's coup d'etat possible? | 1)Napoleon, a popular general 2)The Directory was Unpopular and led France into poor economic conditions, leading to a dictatorship 3)Napolean had military success defeating Sardinia & Austria so the people wanted to overthrow the Gov. & put him in powe |
| How did the National Convention govern France for THREE years? | 1) Put an end to the Monarchy 2)Declared France a Republic. 3)Drafted a new Constitution 4)Halted domestic disorder 5)Fought foreing Invaders 6) Tried & found Louis XVI(16) Guilty for treason, sentenced him to death. Brought about Reforms. |
| Why did the Reign of Terror occur and what it's supporters hope to accomplish? | It occurred due to the Constant threat of foreign Invasion & fear of counter-revolutionaries. They hoped for security and stability. |
| Who was the leader of the extreme radicals in the National Convention? | Jean Paul Marat |
| What was the First action taken by the National Convention when it assumed power? | Proclaimed the end of the Monarchy and the establishment of a Republic |
| Did the National Convention establish the Committee of Public of Public Safety to direct the army in crushing foreign invaders? | Yes |
| Who were the Girodins named after? | The Department of Gironde, located in southwestern France |
| who advocated a republic in which the middle classes of the provinces would have the most power, Not Paris? | The Girondins |
| Who was the chief spokesman for the Girondins? | Jacques Pierre Brissot |
| Who was Jacques Pierre Brissot? | The Chief spokesman for the Girondins |
| Who were the Jacobins named after? | The rue St. Jacques, the original house in Paris where the group first met |
| What did the Jacobins want in the way of government? | A strong centralized State, governed from Paris by a small committee |
| Name the two Jacobins leaders that used the Paris Mob to intimidate the National convention? | Georges-Jacques Danton And Maximillien Robespierre |
| Name the third important group of the National Convention? | The Sans-Culottes |
| What is another name for Sans-Culottes | Without Culottes or "breeches" |
| Name the leader of the Sans-Culottes? | Jean-Paul Marat |
| Jean-Paul Marat, the leader of the radical group Sans-Culottes was in what profession? | A Parisian Doctor |
| The Sans-culottes were so named because of what? | Their unique attire, which differed greatly from the upper class. |
| After finding LouisXVI Guilty of plotting aginst the security of France, how was he sentenced to die? | He was beheaded by the Guillotine |
| Who invented the Guillotine, which was believed to be a humane way of killing? | Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin |
| When was Louis XVI beheaded by the Guillotine? | January 21, 1793 |
| How did Europe respond to the execution of Louis XVI? | 1)Very Concerned, thought they could be next 2)Also concerned about French forces invading the Austrian Netherlands |
| Did the Enemies of France repell the French Invasion of the Austrian Netherlands? | Yes |
| After repelling the French Invasion of Austrian Nederlands, did they invade France again? | Yes |
| Who made up the alliance to invade France? | Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sardinia |
| The group made up of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, and Sardinia, were later called by what name? | First Coalition |
| How did France respond to the First Coalition invasion? | The CPS adopted the policy of the military draft or Conscription |
| Who in France could be called up or Conscripted into the military? | All unmarried, able bodied (healthy) men between 18-25. |
| Who could serve as officers in the military of France? | ALL Classes of men could serve as Officers |
| What was the Vendee Uprising? | Armed uprisings or counter-revolutions against the Revolutionary Government. |
| In the Vendee Department, who fought against the French Revolutionary Army? | The Royal and Catholic Army |
| In response to the Counterrevolution, The National Convention (controlled by the Jacobins, Danton & Robespierre) began violently suppressing all opposition? T/F | True |
| Who is quotes as saying"It is necessary to annihilate both the internal and external enemies of the republic, or perish with its fall?" | Robespierre |
| What was the court that was set up to arrest, try, and execute people on mere suspicion of being an enemy of France? | The Revolutionary Tribunal |
| During the Reign of Terror approximately how many people were put to death? | 40,000 executed |
| By 1794 which of the Jacobin Leaders believed that the Reign of Terror had accomplished its goal? | Georges-Jacques Danton |
| By 1794 which of the Jacobin Leaders believed that the Reign of Terror had NOT accomplished its goal? | Maximillien Robespierre |
| Since Robespierre disagreed with Danton about the Reign of Terror having accomplished its goal, what did he do? | Robespierre had his fellow Jacobin leader Mr. Danton and all Danton followers EXECUTED. |
| After the Reign of Terror what did the National Convention do? | Drafted Yet Another Constitution |
| After drafting another Constitution what was the government called? | The Directory |
| Name some things the new Constitution did? | 1)Universal Manhood Suffrage was ABOLISHED 2)Only Male Property owners could vote 3)The Wealthy controlled the Gov. 4)The New Constituion established an EXECUTIVE Branch of FIVE Directors 5)Called by a new name, THe Directory |
| Was "The Directory" successful? | No |
| What were some problems causing the downfall of "The Directory"? | 1)Prices skyrocketed 2)The Poor Suffered 3)Directors Argued Constantly 4)If people protested they were crushed 5)No one Happy, not Radicals or Conservatives |
| The Downfall of "The Directory" pave the way for what? | A Military Dictatorship |
| Name the French Army General who was aged 26? | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| How tall was Napoleon Bonaparte? | 5"2", a tiny man |
| Was Napoleon a gifted organizer and administrator in both political and military affairs? | Yes |
| Napoleon Suppressed an uprising in Paris aimed at preventing the establishment of the Directory? T/F | True |
| Did the Directory worr that Napoleon was gaining to much popularity and power? | Yes |
| What did Napoleon lie and exaggerate about? | His military campaigns, in particular his defeat by the British in Egypt |
| Even with Napoleons popularity France soon faced another coalition of European nations determined to bring down France, this was called what? | The Second Coalition |
| Name the countries that formed the Second Coalition? | British formed the 2nd coalition. Others were Russia, Austria, Turkey, Portugal and Naples |
| What did the Second Coalition accomplish? | The Second Coalition forced France out of ITALY and minimized its control of other regions |
| Who was Dictator Of France after the Coup d'etat? | Napoleon |
| How did Napoleon come into power? | A seizing of power, a Coup d'etat |
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