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AP Review Unit 5
AP World History Unit 5: Key terms from 1750-1914
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| American Revolution | Revolution against British control in North America. Causes include: high taxes, lack of representation, and enlightenment ideals. |
| Berlin Conference | Meeting organized by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1884-1885 that provided the justification for European colonization of Africa. |
| British Industrial Revolution | First of the industrial revolutions in which many new techniques were created. |
| Capitalism | An economic system with origins in early modern Europe in which private parties made their goods and services available on a free market. |
| Cecil Rhodes | Is dominating economic, cultural, and political influence on southern African territories for personal and British gain was a model of European imperialist values. |
| Charles Darwin | An English Biologist who argued that all species evolved over thousands of years to improve chances of survival. His ideas were modified to work on a political stage. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Document from the French Revolution that was influenced by the Declaration of Independence. It in turn influenced other revolutions. |
| Dutch East India Company | The first large, international company. This company ruled over India before Great Britain took control. |
| Emancipation | The outlawing of slavery (Britain in 1833 and the US in 1863) and the end of serfdom (Russia). |
| Fredrich Engles and Karl Marx | The 2 founders of Marxism. They attempted to create a world where all were on the same political, social and economic level. |
| French Revolution | Inspired by the American Revolution, the French people overthrew a monarchy and replaced it with a new democracy |
| Imperialism | Term associated with the expansion of European powers and their conquest and colonization of African and Asian societies. |
| King Leopold II | The king of Belgium at the turn of the 19th century, he used the colony of the Congo for his own profit while committing horrible atrocities. |
| Marxism | A philosophy which proclaims all citizens of equal status politically, socially, and economically. Leads to Communism and Socialism |
| Maximilien Robespierre | One of the leaders of the French Revolution. Although he championed equality, he executed many of his opponents once the monarchy was overthrown. He himself was later executed. He is also known as the Incorruptible. |
| Mechanization | An important process of the industrial revolution, making machines do more work than before. |
| Monroe Doctrine | American doctrine issued in 1823 that warned Europeans to keep their hands off Latin America and that expressed growing American imperialistic views regarding Latin America. |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | The French general who seized power from 1804-1815. He challenged and took on many European powers in battles in and around Europe until his downfall during the Battle of Waterloo. |
| Nationalism | The concept of identifying and unifying strongly in a single nation state. This concept fueled many events in the 19th and early 20th centuries. |
| Opium Wars | Wars between China and European countries which would lead to European dominance over Chinese ports. |
| Otto von Bismarck | The first Chancellor of Germany. Under his rule, he unified many smaller states into Germany. He also provoked war with France which would lead to France's secession of Alsace-Lorraine. |
| Queen Victoria | British monarch of England whose rule spanned from 1837 to 1901. During her reign known as the "Victorian Era" Britain's territories grew to include India, Canada, Australia, and parts of Africa and the Middle East. |
| Russian and Japanese Industrialization | Rapidly growing nations whose Industrialization in the East would help to shape world events in the years to come. |
| Simon Bolivar | One of the leaders of the Latin American Independence Movement. He championed the idea of a larger Gran Colombia which never panned out. |
| Social Darwinism | Nineteenth century philosophy, that attempted to apply Darwinian "survival of the fittest" to the social and political realm. |
| Suez and Panama Canals | Both canals shortened the traveling distances. The Suez cut off the need to go around the continent of Africa, the Panama, the South American continent. |
| Thomas Jefferson | One of the founding fathers and leaders of the American Revolution, his ideas from the Declaration of Independence would go on to inspire the French, Declaration of the Rights of Man |
| Treaty of Nanjing | The treaty ended the first Opium war and was the first of the many "unequal treaties" the Chinese signed with European powers. This treaty created access to China through "treaty ports". |
| Unifications of Germany and Italy | The result of nationalist ideals, these ethnic and political groups banded together to form new nation states previously divided into smaller kingdoms or states. |
| Adam Smith | Father of Capitalism and Economics |
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