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TeamSpenceQing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Qing Dynasty began and lasted until when? | 1644-1911 |
| Not until the Qing Dynasty the Chinese authorities placed what under tight fiscal control? | printed money |
| Who founded the Qing Dynasty? | Manchu invaders |
| The Qing Dynasty used the same administrative framework as who? | The Ming state |
| The Qing came after which dynasty? | The Ming |
| Where were the Manchus from? | North of China |
| What does Qing mean? | Pure |
| Who unified the Qing into a centralized state? | Nurhaci |
| What did Nurhaci do for the Qing dynasty? | He developed a law code and organized a powerful army. |
| Who did the Manchu armies capture and who did they sieze? | The armies captured Korea and Mongolia and they seized Beijing. |
| When were the Qing firmly in control? | In the early mid 1680's. |
| Why did many Chinese support the Manchu? | They were tired of Ming rule. |
| What did the Manchu rulers learn and what did they study? | They learned Chinese and studied Confucian education. |
| How did the Manchu preserve their own culture? | By outlawing marriage with Chinese and by forbidding the Chinese from traveling to Manchuria and learning Manchuria. |
| Who were the most effective emperors of the Qing? | Kangxi and Qianlong |
| Who was Kangxi? | He was an elighten ruler, Confucian scholar, and poet. |
| What did Kangxi do during his rule? | He tried to apply Confucian ideas to his policies; he took Taiwan, part of Mongolia and central Asia; he had aprotectorate over Tibet. |
| Who was Kangxi's grandson who also ruled during the Qing? | Qianlong |
| What did Qianlong do during his rule? | He continued expansion- making Vietnam, Burma, and Nepal vassal states. |
| Who's reign was the height of the Qing dynasty? | Qianlong |
| The Qing ruled over what? | A highly centralized state |
| What did the Qing administer through? | Through bureaucracy of Confucian scholars. |
| What were the emperors called and what were the supposed to do? | The "son of heaven" and they were to keep order on earth. |
| What did subjects have to perform to the emperor? | the kowotw |
| Governing in the Qing was done by? | Scholar-bureaucrats |
| Most scholar-bureaucrats came from? | The Confucian educated scholar-gentry. |
| Who were the scholar-gentry? | Well-educated and highly literate men. |
| How did the men earn academic degrees? | By passing civil service examinations. |
| What were the civil service examinations? | They were tests administered at the district, provincial, and metropolitan levels. Men had to stay in a cell and write "eight-legged essays". |
| What were "eight-legged" essays? | They were literary compositions with eight distinct sections. |
| What did the exams ensure? | That Confucianism would be the central part of Chinese education and that people who were Confucians would govern the state. |
| What did the Qing emperors seek to preserve? | The traditional hierarchical and patriarchal social order. |
| What did filial piety also concern? | The loyalty of the people to their emperor. |
| The Chinese family was? | Hierarchical, patriarchal, and authoritarian |
| Who was the head of the home? | The father |
| What did the state promote as a matter of Confucian propriety? | The veneration of ancestors |
| What did the veneration of ancestors do? | It strengthened the authority because it ensured that the head of the family presided over the ceremonies. |
| What was the children's responsibility? | They were responsible for looking after their parents, especially in their old age. |
| The Chinese family extended into what? | the clan |
| What was a clan? | Patrilineal descent groups |
| Where were clan members from? | They were from all social classes, but the gentry usually dominated. |
| What did clans do? | They helped keep local order and organized the economy and provided welfare. |
| How did clans help poor men? | By providing the smart men with a Confucian education and a possible chance for a civil service exam |
| Why was educational support a good investment for the clan? | A government position brought prestige and prosperity to the entire clan. |
| Who served as a means to transmit Confucian values to all classes? | Clans |
| True or false, during Qing patriarchal authority became tighter? | True |
| Girls were seen as? | A liability |
| What happened when girls would marry? | They became members of someone else's household. |
| Some girl babies were subject to? | Infanticide |
| What were widows encouraged to do? | To follow their husbands into death |
| What became more popular during Qing times? | Footbinding |
| Why would commoners sometimes bind the feet of the pretty girls? | So they could attract a good man and help the family's social standing |
| What did women have to do as a bride? | They had to perform acts of subservience |
| What was the principal purpose of marriage? | To continue the male line of descent |
| What made China prosperous during the Qing? | Global trade |
| It produced much? | Silk, porcelain, and satin |
| Why didn't they import much? | They would rather have silver |
| What did the government regulate? | Trade and business |
| Why did the Qing try to stop maritime activity? | In order to conquer the South |
| What did the emperor Kangxi order in concern with martime activity? | Evacuation of the southern coastal regions |
| When did Qing forces pacify southern China? | 1680's |
| What happened after Qing forces pacified southern China? | Government authorities rescinded the strictest measures. |
| What did Qing forces closely supervise? | The activites of foreign merchants in China |
| What did the Qing forces permit Portuguese merchants to do? | To operate only at the port of Macau |
| What did the forces allow Great Britain to do? | To deal with the marchant guild in Guangzhou |
| Little inovation in what occured during the Qing dynasty? | Agricultural and industrial technologies |
| What did Qing regimes favor over technological innovation? | Political and social stability |
| The Qing feared technological innovation would lead to what? | Unsettling change |
| What also discouraged technological innovation? | The abundance and ready availability of skilled workers. |
| Over the longer term who did China lose technological ground to? | European peoples |
| Who was at the top of the social ladder? | The emperor and his family |
| Who came after the emperor in the social ladder? | Scholar-bureaucrats and gentry |
| What were the three classes of commoners? | Peasants, artisans/workers, and merchants |
| Why were peasants the most honorable? | Because they performed honorable labor and provided food for everyone |
| Why were merchants considered scum? | Because they made their money off the work of others. |
| Who was at the bottom of the social ladder? | The lower classes: military forces and "mean people" |
| Who was considered the "mean people"? | Slaves, indentured servants, prostitutes, beggars, boat people, etc. |
| Why was Kangxi's Collection of Books more important than the Yongle? | Because he had it printed and distributed to 7 libraries |
| What missionary orders were jealous of the Jesuits? | The Dominicans and Franciscans |
| What did Kangxi do in response to the Jesuits? | He ordered an end to preaching Christianity |
Created by:
nicolecrowl
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