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TeamSpence-LatinAmer
TeamSpence-LatinAmericaPostWWII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Latin America was in which of the following categories: First World, Second World or Third World | Third World |
| What kind of governmets did creoles have in most Latin American countries | authoritarian governments |
| Which two Latin American countries were upset with US control after WWII | Puerto Rico and Cuba |
| Why was Colombia upset with the US | the US had helped Panama gain its independence from Cuba so they could build a canal through the country |
| What did Latin America call the US | the "Bully of the North" |
| Why were Latin American economies hurt after WWII | they had developed some industry during WWII but once it was over, international trade resumed, leaving their fragile economies hurt |
| When was the Mexican Revolution | 1910-1911 |
| What formed when the Caudillos in Mexico united to create more stability | the Party of the Institutionalized Revolution (PRI) |
| What president in the 1930s stabilized Mexico | Lazaro Cardenas |
| What kind of government did Lazaro Cardenas support in Mexico | a socialist-leaning government |
| What kind of economy did Mexico turn into after Cardenas was not in power | a free market economy |
| who was the first non-PRI candidate in Mexico | Vincente Fox |
| Who came to power in Brazil in 1929 | Getulio Vargas |
| What does it mean when a government is based on corporatism | it means a dictatorship allows input from groups outside the government like big businesses and labor organizations |
| What industry did Getulio Vargas nationalize while in power in Brazil | the oil industry |
| Who led a military coup in Argentina in 1943 | Juan Peron |
| What made Juan Peron's coup become a success until 1955 | he learned to moderate his government by nationalizing industries and managing a diverse coalition of political forces |
| What was Guatemala's two major exports | bananas and coffee |
| Who was the president of Guatemala who enacted socialist programs such as land reforms | Juan Jose Arevalo |
| Who organized a coup that installed a pro US government ruled by military forces in Guatemala | the CIA |
| What item was Cuba's economy based on | sugar |
| What ruler in Cuba kept promising reforms but never took any action | Fulgencio Batista |
| Who organized a coup in 1959 in Cuba that deposed Fulgencio Batista | Fidel Castro |
| What were two things that Fidel Castro did while in power in Cuba | he nationalized all foreign property, and created a socialist economy based on Marxist ideas of eliminating all private property |
| What was it called when the CIA sponsored the Cubans return from the US but failed in the end | the Bay of Pigs Invasion |
| Who nationalized industries and banks and tried to redistribute the land to the peasants in Chile | Salvador Allende |
| Who sponsored a coup in 1973 in Chile to counter the failing economy | Augusto Pinochet |
| Why did Latin America have to deal with neocolonialism after WWII | Because the US intervened whenever its interests were threatened, and influenced economies through investment and full or part ownership of industries such as oil |
| What were two things the Constitution of 1917 stated in Mexico | that the state had rights to redistribute land after confiscation and compensation, and a claim to government ownership of the subsoil and its products |
| Who attacked the PRI in Mexico in the 1990s | Mexican peasants in the Chiapas district |
| What was the name of the party that Lazaro Cardenas took leadership of that opposed the PRI | the Democratic Revolution Party |
| What was Argentina's economy based on | cattle raising and agriculture |
| What type of people was Argentina's middle class made up mainly of | migrants from Europe |
| What did Argentina push for because of its location far to the south | it became a leader in the Latin American struggle against US and European economic and political intervention in the region |
| How did Argentina become a model of a less positive form of political organization | there were often brutal and deadly military leaders in power |
| What type of Argentinians did Juan Peron appeal to | the downtrodden people |
| What things did Juan Peron call for | industrialization, support of the working class, and protection of the economy from foreign control |
| Who helped to foster Juan Peron's popularity as he tried to gain more followers | his wife, Eva Peron |
| Why did military rule take a sinister turn in the late 1970s and early 1980s in Argentina | because dictators approved the creation of death squads who then fought a "dirty war" against suspected subversives |
| What led to intensified demands and growth of the poor classes in Argentina during the "dirty war" | calls for a return to democratic politics |
| Who formed the core of Juan Peron's supporters in Argentina | Descamisados or "shirtless ones" |
| What type of actions taken in Central and South America generally provoked a response from the US | the instigation of programs and policies that hinted of progressive liberalism or anti-Americanism |
| What gave the US the power to justify intervention in Latin America without the impetus of a communist threat | the right to make southern incursions since the enunciation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 |
| What big move did Jacobo Guzman make in Guatemala when he became president | a government seizure of thousands of acres of uncultivated land owned by the United Fruit Company |
| Who mainly dominated Guatemala's economy | foreign companies like the United Fruit Company |
| Why did the US disagree with what Jacobo Guzman was trying to do in Guatemala | they found his policies to be communist inspired and feared a spread of such radical doctrines throughout Central America |
| What US president empowered the CIA to engineer the overthrow of Guzman's government in Argentina | Dwight Eisenhower |
| What two countries did the US send arm to so they could shore up their defenses against communism | Nicaragua and Honduras |
| How did the CIA overthrow Guzman in 1954 in Guatemala | they trained non communist Guatemalans to attack and weaken his government and succeeded because of a continued supply of US weapons and air support |
| What did the military government in Guatemala led by Castillo Armas do to any one who objected it | they used ruthless tactics such as torture or murder |
| What plunged Guatemala into a civil war that didn't end until the 1990s | the assassination of Castillo Armas in 1957 |
| Who served as the president of Nicaragua during the CIA-backed coup that removed Arbenz from Guatemalan government | Anastacio Garcia |
| Who ruled Nicaragua, with Garcia for over forty years | his sons, Luis Debayle and Anastacio Debayle |
| What was one place the US used as a staging place for the Bay of Pigs attack on Cuba in 1961 | Nicaragua |
| What was created in Nicaragua to honor the memory and mission of Augusto Sandino | the Sandinista Front for National Liberation |
| What type of people ended up being the majority of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua | avowed Marxists dedicated to a socialist agenda |
| Under which US president were US cold war policies in Latin America moderated | Jimmy Carter |
| How did the US make Anastacio Debayle's position in Nicaragua unattainable | by withdrawing US military and economic aid |
| What led to the withdrawal of US support for Latin America dictators and the negotiations of the Panama Canal Treaty | Carter's commitment to human rights |
| What granted Panama sovereignty over all its territory, including the Canal Zone in 1979 | the Panama Canal Treaty |
| What US president abandoned Carter's policies and renewed attacks on communism | Ronald Reagan |
| What did Ronald Reagan do after halting aid to Nicaragua | he instituted and economic boycott of the country |
| What were the Contras | a CIA-trained counterrevolutionary group dedicated to overthrowing the Sandinistas and engaging over time in such activities such as the bombing of oil facilities and the mining of harbors |
| How did president Reagan go outside the law to provide funds for the Contras | he illegally used the profits that accrued from secretly selling weapons to Iran |
| What did the 1989 agreement in Costa Rica do | it provided for the presence of a UN peacekeeping force, for monitoring elections, and for the disarming of the Contras |
| What did Nicaragua's experiences after WWII suggest | that clearly the political complications associated with the cold war and with continued US interference in Latin America |
| Why did revolutionary doctrines and Marxist programs become attractive to many South and Central American people | because of the economic and political conditions |
| What did the continuation of economic problems lead to the limit of in Latin America | it limited the possibility of widespread change or the achievement of economic and social equity |
| What was "liberation theology" | a mixture of Catholicism and Marxism meant to combat the misery and repression of the masses through revolutionary salvation |
| What was the result of landowning elites gaining power during the colonial era and being able to maintain their dominant position | societies remained divided between the few rich and the masses of the poor |
| Why was making a fashionable working state and economic system even more troublesome for Latin America after WWII | because of the frequency of of foreign interference, both military and economic |
| What caused profits to flow into Latin American countries both during and after WWII | the influx of money came because they took advantage of world market needs and pursued greater industrial development |
| What did Latin American countries major exports include | many manufactured goods and traditional export commodities such as minerals and foodstuffs like sugar, fruits, and coffee |
| What did Latin American nations shift their economies towards when they shifted away from exports | internal development |
| What group did the Argentine economist, Raul Prebisch work for | the United Nations Commission for Latin America |
| What did Raul Prebisch's "dependency" theory say | that developed industrial nations dominated the internal economy and profited at the expense of less developed and industrialized nations burdened with the export-oriented, unbalanced economies that were a legacy of colonialism |
| According to Prebisch, how were Latin American countries supposed to break the unequal relationship between the "center" and "periphery" | developing nations on the periphery of international trade needed to protect and diversify domestic trade and use strategies of import-substituting industrialization to promote further industrial and economic growth |
| T or F: Prebisch's theories about the economic ills about the developing world solved the economic difficulties immediately | False: although they were influential, they did not solve the problems immediatly |
| What halted the expansion of developing nations in the 1970s and 1980s | the global recession of the 1970s and 80s |
| What effects did the global depression of the 1970s and 80s have on Latin America | they had huge foreign debts, and declining commodity pre ices reduced export profits to the point where it became nearly impossible for them to pay the interest on those debts |
| What was the US's ultimate goal in the Bay of Pigs invasion | to over throw Castro and establish a non-communist government friendly to the United States |
| What was the original plan for the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba | two air strikes against Cuban air bases |
| What was Operation Mongoose | a plan to sabotage and decentralize the Cuban government and economy |
| Why did Latin America avoid a close association with fascism | to avoid offending the dominant power of the hemisphere, the US |
| Immigrants mainly migrated to Latin America from which two axis countries | Germany and Italy |
| What Latin American country did most Italians migrate to | Argentina |
| What European country was Latin America most colonized by | Spain |
| What three basic issues instigated decolonization in Latin America | European distraction with global affairs, the indigenous people's desire for independence, and popular resentment against racism and inequality |
| In regards to decolonization, which country was Latin America most comparable to | Africa |
| What is the name of the colony that France still owns | French Guyana |
| What do Latin Americans say about being bullied by the US | that it is their defiance of the US that has made folk heroes out of Chavez and Castro |
| How did the US treat Nicaragua | as a pariah state and a soviet satellite |
| What did the Nixon administration in the US see the election of Salvador Allende as | an even larger threat to the US than the Cuban Revolution |
| What did economic growth and accompanied revolutionary agitation lead to in Latin America | intervention by the United States in years to come |
| Who dominated the immediate post war period in Latin America | authoritarian reformers |
| What was the PRI's dominance in Mexico undercut by | corruption and lack of social development |
| What revolutionary group appeared in Mexico in 1994 | the Zapatistas |
| What did Vicente Fox promise if he was elected in Mexico | a clean government |
| Along with democratic governments, what type of government was popular for Latin American countries | Marxist governments |
| What type of economy did Cuba rely on | an export economy closely associated with the markets of the US |
Created by:
jaymieteamspence
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