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Chap 21 Development
Human Development and Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The period from fertilization of the egg until birth is called? | Gestation |
| When one of the millions of sperm joins the egg to combine DNA and form a Zygote is called? | Fertilization |
| Fertilization usually takes place in the? | Fallopian tubes |
| A change or maturation of the sperm that takes place as it is swimming through the uterus and fallopian tubes is called? | Capacitation |
| During fertilization the acrosome becomes more? | Fragile |
| Since the acrosome is more fragile this allows the acrosome to burst and do what to the egg? | Digest the egg membrane |
| Once a perm enters the egg the membrane changes to ______ another sperm from entering? | Block |
| The diploid receives _ from mom and _ from dad for a total of _ chromosomes? | 23, 23, 46 |
| There are how many pairs of autosomes given to the diploid during fertilization? | 22 pairs |
| During fertilization there is only one pair of sex chromosomes given __ for females __ for males? | XX females XY males |
| Mitotic dividing of the zygote is called? | Cleavage |
| The point when the mass become hollow is called? | Blastocyst |
| The hollow space that is filled with fluid? | Blastocoele |
| The trophoblast is the _______ layer of cells? | Outer |
| The inner layer of cells is called? | Innermass |
| The bonding of zygote to the uterine wall 5-8 days after fertilization is called? | Implantation |
| Embryonic membrane that froms the fetal portion of the placenta is called the? | Chorion |
| The chorion originates as the what? | Omnion |
| The innermass is made up of what? | Stem cells |
| The developing human from implantation to the 8th week is called the? | Embryo |
| The plate of cells within the blastocyst is called? | Embryonic disc |
| Germ layers form after 14 days how many layers will be formed? | 3 |
| Outer epidermis and its derivcatives, nervous system, lens, cornea, internal ear are all created in this layer? | Ectoderm |
| Middle dermis, bone, cartilage, muscle, kidneys, blood are all formed in this layer? | Mesoderm |
| Inner GI mucosa, respiratory mucosa, liver, thyroid and pancreas are all formed in this layer? | Endoderm |
| These membranes are distinguished from the embryo at 20 days what are they called? | Embryonic membranes |
| This sac gives rise to the first blood cells and sex stem cells what is it called? | Yolk sac |
| The yolk sac later becomes part of the what? | Umbilical cord |
| The thin membrane that surrounds the embryo is called? | Amnion |
| The amnion contains a fluid called what? | Amniotic fluid |
| The amniotic fluid contains what? | Urine, sloughed off cells |
| Sampling of amniotic fluid is called? | Amniocentesis |
| What is the trophoblast called as it develops? | Chorion |
| The projections from the chorion into the endometrium that become the fetal part of the placenta are called? | Chorionic Villi |
| At how many weeks does the embryo take form with the head and limbs and beating heart? | 4-5 weeks |
| At what week are the organ systems established in the embryo? | 8 weeks |
| Fetal growth occurs during what weeks? | 9-40th |
| The maternal and fetal tissue structure that separates fetal and maternal blood is called? | The placenta |
| The placenta is formed by how many weeks? | 12 |
| What size is the placenta? | 7 inch and flat |
| The placenta produces hormones to maintain pregnancy what hormones are these? | Human chorionic gonadotropin |
| hCG is excreted in urine for what type of test results? | Pregnancy tests |
| Pregnancy tests are more accurate with? | Testing blood |
| What inhibits uterine contractions? | Relaxin |
| Relaxin also permits ________ of the pubic symphysis and ligaments? | Stretching |
| The placenta being birthed after the fetus is called? | Afterbirth |
| What connects the fetus to the placenta? | Umbilical cord |
| The umbilical cord transfers blood _____ and _______? | back and fourth |
| There are 2 arteries and they carry blood ______ from the fetus and 1 vein that carries blood _______ the fetus? | away and toward |
| Another name for birth is? | Parturition |
| The sequence of events that occur during birth is called? | Labor |
| What stage of labor are you in if you are dilating and effacing, the amniotic sac breaks, the mucus plug is released? | First stage |
| What stage of labor is the delivery of the infant? | Second stage |
| What stage of labor is the delivery of the placenta? | Third stage |
| As soon as birth occurs the fetus is now called an? | Infant |
| The cord is clamped, nose and mouth aspirated when are these things done? | At birth |
| What stimulates medulla which starts respiration? | CO2 |
| Breathing promotes pulmonary circulation which closes the what? | Foramen ovale |
| Most of our characteristics are determined or influenced by what? | Genetics |
| If a genes information is used for something such as making a protein it is said to be? | Expressed |
| What may occur as liver immaturity does not excrete billirubin well? | jaundice |
| The actual physical genetic makeup is called? | Genotype |
| The appearance of how the alleles are expressed is called? | phenotype |
| The 2 or more possibilities for the expression of a pair of genes is called? | alleles |
| When both alleles are the same this is called? | Homozygous |
| When the 2 alleles are opposite this is called? | Heterozygous |
| Dominant vs recessive genes only matter in _____________ alleles? | heterozygous |
| The gene that is expressed of the 2 is called? | Dominant |
| The gene that is not expressed of the 2 is called? | Recessive |
| The recessive gene is not lost just not expressed, but can be __________ on to offspring? | Passed on |
| A diagram to illustrate how genes are expressed is called? | Punnett |
| The punnett gives all ___________ of expression? | Possibilities |
| How many human genes are there? | 20,000-25,000 |
| Every gene has been mapped according to the what? | Human genome project |
| The diseases that are a result of malfunctioning DNA are called? | Genetic disease |
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ShanellStock
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