Human Development and Genetics
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| The period from fertilization of the egg until birth is called? | Gestation
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| When one of the millions of sperm joins the egg to combine DNA and form a Zygote is called? | Fertilization
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| Fertilization usually takes place in the? | Fallopian tubes
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| A change or maturation of the sperm that takes place as it is swimming through the uterus and fallopian tubes is called? | Capacitation
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| During fertilization the acrosome becomes more? | Fragile
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| Since the acrosome is more fragile this allows the acrosome to burst and do what to the egg? | Digest the egg membrane
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| Once a perm enters the egg the membrane changes to ______ another sperm from entering? | Block
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| The diploid receives _ from mom and _ from dad for a total of _ chromosomes? | 23, 23, 46
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| There are how many pairs of autosomes given to the diploid during fertilization? | 22 pairs
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| During fertilization there is only one pair of sex chromosomes given __ for females __ for males? | XX females XY males
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| Mitotic dividing of the zygote is called? | Cleavage
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| The point when the mass become hollow is called? | Blastocyst
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| The hollow space that is filled with fluid? | Blastocoele
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| The trophoblast is the _______ layer of cells? | Outer
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| The inner layer of cells is called? | Innermass
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| The bonding of zygote to the uterine wall 5-8 days after fertilization is called? | Implantation
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| Embryonic membrane that froms the fetal portion of the placenta is called the? | Chorion
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| The chorion originates as the what? | Omnion
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| The innermass is made up of what? | Stem cells
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| The developing human from implantation to the 8th week is called the? | Embryo
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| The plate of cells within the blastocyst is called? | Embryonic disc
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| Germ layers form after 14 days how many layers will be formed? | 3
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| Outer epidermis and its derivcatives, nervous system, lens, cornea, internal ear are all created in this layer? | Ectoderm
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| Middle dermis, bone, cartilage, muscle, kidneys, blood are all formed in this layer? | Mesoderm
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| Inner GI mucosa, respiratory mucosa, liver, thyroid and pancreas are all formed in this layer? | Endoderm
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| These membranes are distinguished from the embryo at 20 days what are they called? | Embryonic membranes
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| This sac gives rise to the first blood cells and sex stem cells what is it called? | Yolk sac
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| The yolk sac later becomes part of the what? | Umbilical cord
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| The thin membrane that surrounds the embryo is called? | Amnion
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| The amnion contains a fluid called what? | Amniotic fluid
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| The amniotic fluid contains what? | Urine, sloughed off cells
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| Sampling of amniotic fluid is called? | Amniocentesis
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| What is the trophoblast called as it develops? | Chorion
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| The projections from the chorion into the endometrium that become the fetal part of the placenta are called? | Chorionic Villi
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| At how many weeks does the embryo take form with the head and limbs and beating heart? | 4-5 weeks
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| At what week are the organ systems established in the embryo? | 8 weeks
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| Fetal growth occurs during what weeks? | 9-40th
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| The maternal and fetal tissue structure that separates fetal and maternal blood is called? | The placenta
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| The placenta is formed by how many weeks? | 12
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| What size is the placenta? | 7 inch and flat
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| The placenta produces hormones to maintain pregnancy what hormones are these? | Human chorionic gonadotropin
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| hCG is excreted in urine for what type of test results? | Pregnancy tests
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| Pregnancy tests are more accurate with? | Testing blood
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| What inhibits uterine contractions? | Relaxin
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| Relaxin also permits ________ of the pubic symphysis and ligaments? | Stretching
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| The placenta being birthed after the fetus is called? | Afterbirth
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| What connects the fetus to the placenta? | Umbilical cord
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| The umbilical cord transfers blood _____ and _______? | back and fourth
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| There are 2 arteries and they carry blood ______ from the fetus and 1 vein that carries blood _______ the fetus? | away and toward
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| Another name for birth is? | Parturition
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| The sequence of events that occur during birth is called? | Labor
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| What stage of labor are you in if you are dilating and effacing, the amniotic sac breaks, the mucus plug is released? | First stage
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| What stage of labor is the delivery of the infant? | Second stage
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| What stage of labor is the delivery of the placenta? | Third stage
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| As soon as birth occurs the fetus is now called an? | Infant
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| The cord is clamped, nose and mouth aspirated when are these things done? | At birth
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| What stimulates medulla which starts respiration? | CO2
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| Breathing promotes pulmonary circulation which closes the what? | Foramen ovale
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| Most of our characteristics are determined or influenced by what? | Genetics
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| If a genes information is used for something such as making a protein it is said to be? | Expressed
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| What may occur as liver immaturity does not excrete billirubin well? | jaundice
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| The actual physical genetic makeup is called? | Genotype
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| The appearance of how the alleles are expressed is called? | phenotype
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| The 2 or more possibilities for the expression of a pair of genes is called? | alleles
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| When both alleles are the same this is called? | Homozygous
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| When the 2 alleles are opposite this is called? | Heterozygous
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| Dominant vs recessive genes only matter in _____________ alleles? | heterozygous
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| The gene that is expressed of the 2 is called? | Dominant
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| The gene that is not expressed of the 2 is called? | Recessive
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| The recessive gene is not lost just not expressed, but can be __________ on to offspring? | Passed on
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| A diagram to illustrate how genes are expressed is called? | Punnett
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| The punnett gives all ___________ of expression? | Possibilities
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| How many human genes are there? | 20,000-25,000
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| Every gene has been mapped according to the what? | Human genome project
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| The diseases that are a result of malfunctioning DNA are called? | Genetic disease
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