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Unit 2 600BCE-600CE
Classical Societies and Belief Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The emergence of agriculture | led to social organization, which developed into classical societies |
| Classical Societies | internal organization, extended their authority over large regions, and influenced cultural traditions |
| Differences in Classical Societies | crops, religions, buildings constructed with different materials and legal/moral codes |
| Commonalities of Classical Societies | centralized imperial states, extensive bureaucracy systems and road networks that linked regions under one authority |
| Challenges of maintaining Classical Societies | administering large portions of territory under authority, military problems and sustain land and wealth distribution |
| Empires of Persia 600 BCE-600 CE | the Achaemenids (558‐330 B.C.E.); the Seleucids (323‐83 B.C.E.); the Parthians (247 B.C.E.‐ 224 C.E.); and the Sasanids (233‐651 C.E.) |
| Zoroastrianism | high moral and ethical standards; it helped shape Jewish thought and Christianity 7th/6th century BCE |
| Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism | Social and political philosophies that helped to lay down the foundation of the unification and expansion of China during the Qin and Han dynasties (221 B.C.E. to 220 C.E.) |
| Unification of China | centralized bureaucracy, Confucian thought and values, prosperous economy from technological industrial development and long distance trade |
| Qin Shihuangdi | Qin Dynasty (221BCE-207BCE), centralized imperial rule, extended Great Wall, standardized currency and law, huge public projects led to rebellion, which ended the dynasty |
| Han Wudi | Han Dynasty (206BCE-23CE) est bureaucracies and monopolies, expanded empire to Korea, Vietnam, and northern steppes, high taxes and land distribution issues led to rebellion |
| Northern India (Mauryan and Gupta Empires) | mass manufacture and trade with regions from China and the Mediterranean basin, patriarchal families, caste systems (jati), responsible for spread of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism |
| The Mediterranean Basin (the Greek phase) | Alexander of Macedon created centralized state, Greeks left cultural legacy (politics, philosophy, art etc.) and democracy |
| The Mediterranean Basin (the Roman phase) | empire that expanded into most of Europe and northern Africa, rigid administrative structure, organized trade network, republican form of govt, constitution, transportation/communication networks, development of cash crops, spread of Christianity |
| Silk Roads (growth of long-distance trade) | spread goods from China to western Europe, merchants, travelers and missionaries would spread popular religions from place to place |
| Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Mithraism | became more widespread via the silk roads |
| The decline of the Han and Roman Empires | partly due to the widespread of epidemics throughout Eurasia via the silk roads, these areas had no immunity against the illnesses |
| The Greek Phase's Enduring Innovations | democracy in Athens under Pericles, the establishment of cities from the Mediterranean basin to Southwest Asia, literature (mythology), philosophical thought (Plato, Socrates, Aristotle) |
| Legalism | practical and efficient statecraft, agriculture and military advancement not so much commerce and education |
| Daoism | idea of being passive and yielding, the way of the cosmos |
| Confucianism | focused on social and political order represented by the junzi (superior individuals), the values of Ren (humanity and kindness), Li (respect to elders), and Xiao (filial piety and familial obligation) |
Created by:
Christiana Oshiro
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