Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO 220 Final Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration | Tidal Volume |
| The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ____ | Vital Capacity |
| Respiratory control centers are located in the ________ and _______ | Medulla and Pons |
| The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume | Inspiratory Reserve Volume |
| Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________ | Diffusion |
| How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood? | Bicarbonate ions in plasma |
| Know the gross anatomy of both lungs | Right=3 lobes Left=2 lobes and cardiac notch |
| Know role of the pleura | Reduces friction during breathing |
| provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange | Alveoli |
| The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________ | Alveolar wall+capillary wall=basement membrane |
| Factors that promote oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin include | Pressure of O2 (PO2), temp, pH of blood, pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), concentraions of PBG |
| The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________ | Concentration of O2 and or total atmospheric pressure lower at higher altitudes |
| Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ______ | Ciliated mucous lining in the nose |
| Components of Interstitial fluid | High: sodium, chloride, calcium and bicarbonate Low: Potassium, magnesium, phosphate, bicarbonate |
| Components of Blood plasma | High: sodium, chloride, calcium and bicarbonate Low: Potassium, magnesium, phosphate, bicarbonate Less chloride |
| Components of Intracellular fluid | High: potassium, magnesium, phosphate and sulfate Low: Sodium, chloride and bicarbonate |
| The body’s water volume is closely tied to the level of _______ ions | Sodium |
| The main physiological cause of Respiratory acidosis is ____________ | failure of ventilation |
| Name the three chemical buffer systems | Bicarbonate, phosphate, plasma proteins |
| Chlamydia trachmomatis bacteria, most common bacterial STI | Chlamydia |
| human papillomavirus (HPV) 2nd most common STI | Genital warts |
| Treponema pallidum | Syphilis |
| human herpes virus type 2 – most difficult to control | Genital herpes |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae (“the clap”) | Gonorrhea |
| Sperm enhanced and membrane of egg fragile | Capacitation |
| Blastula fuses to uterine wall | Implantation |
| Establishing 3 primary germ layers | Gastrulation |
| Morula --> Blastocyst | Cleavage |
| The embryonic stage lasts until the end of the ________week | Eighth |
| The embryo is directly enclosed in and protected by the _________ | Amnion |
| In fetal circulation, one way in which blood bypasses the lungs is by way of the __________ | Foramen ovale |
| It is impossible for sperm to be functional (able to fertilize the egg) until they undergo _______ | Capacitation |
| During the first trimester ________ produces Estrogen and Progesterone | Corpus luteum |
| The two enzymes that act to break down the protective barriers around the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate are ___________ and ________ | Protease, hyaloronidase |
| Name the embryonic germ layers | Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| The hormone which maintains the viability of the corpus luteum is _______ | Human chorianic gonadotropin (HCG) |
| The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________ | Mesenteries |
| The walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen | Muscoa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
| Name the factors that help create the stomach mucosal barrier | Thick bicarbonate coating, tight junctions and quick replacement of cells |
| 137. The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________ | Lamina propria |
| This hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile | Cholestokinin |
| Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? | Parietal cells |
| Pepsinogen is secreted by the ________ | Chief cells |
| Name the components of the renal corpuscle | Glomerulus – cluster of capillaries in nephron of kidney; makes filtrate and Bowman’s capsule – surrounds glomerulus |
| The ____ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney | Arcuate |
| The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for ________ | regulating rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic BP |
| The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________ | Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) |
| Name the components of The filtration membrane | endothelium, basement membrane, podocytes |
| The macula densa cells respond to _______ | changes in the solute content of the filtrate |
| The fluid in the Bowman's capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________ | plasma protein |
| Why does Alcohol acts as a diuretic? | inhibits release of ADH |
| Name The functions of angiotensin II | constrict artioles and increase BP |
| A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is _____ | diabetes insipidus |
| Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body | nephron->collecting duct->minor calyx->major calyx->ureter->urethra |
| The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is the _______ | glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) |
| If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero, what does this mean? | normally all glucose if reabsorbed |
| increased levels of potassium | Hyperkalemia |
| increased levels of magnesium | Hypermagnesemia |
| Increased levels of sodium | Hypernatremia |
| Decreased levels of calcium | Hypocalcemia |
| Decreased levels of sodium | Hyponatremia |
| Aldosterone regulated ______ and ______ in an antagonistic fashion | Sodium and potassium |
| The two organs that function as the most important physiological buffer systems are _____, _____ | Kidneys and lungs |
| The three methods for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood are | chemical buffer systems, repsiratory changes and renal mechanism (urinary mechanism) |
Created by:
NCBuckeye11
Popular Anatomy sets