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WHPN CH 17 Sec 1

History

QuestionAnswer
*What was the period during which Philosophers believed they could apply the Sceintific method and use reason to logically explain Human Nature? Enlightenment
*What was the belief that truth can be arrived at solely by reason, or rational, logical thinking? Rationalism
*What was the French word for "Philosophers," thinkers of the Enlightenment: Philosophes
*What were gatherings of the social, political, and cultural elite: Salons
*What was the belief that government should be created by and subject to the will of the people? Popular Sovereignty
*What was the system of government in which absolute rulers ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment? Enlightened Despotism
*Who was the French Philosopher who edited the Encyclopedia? Denis Diderot
*Who was the French Philosophe who believed in the Separation of governmental powers? Baron de Montesquieu
*Who was the French Writer who fought against Intolerance and Injustice? Voltaire
*Who was the French Thinker who beleived in popular sovereignty? Jean-Jacques Rousseau
*What were the Main Characteristics of Enlightenment Thinking? 1)That every natual phenomenon had a cause & effect 2) That Truth can be achieved by logical thinking 3) That natural laws foverned the universe and all creatures
*Describe Three examples of systems of government that philosophes found to be praiseworthy? 1) British Gov - Montesquieu believed this divided power equally among the legislative, executive and judicial branches 2) A Government based on Popular Sovereignty 3) A Government of Enlightened Despotism
*Name the ideas Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau had in common? They all criticized society
*Did Rousseau trust or distrust Rationalism? Distrust
*Name the two Philosophes that were the most concerned with government? Montesquieu and Rousseau
*Name the Philosophes that emphasized a Separation of Power? Montesquieu
*Name the Philosophes that emphasise a Popular Sovereignty? Rousseau
*Name the Philosophes that exemplified the Spirit of the Enlightenment? Voltaire
*Because of their ideas what two Philosophes were imprisoned? Diderot and Voltaire
Did the Enlightenment philosophers beleive they could apply the scientific method and use reason to explain hman nature logically? Yes
One characteristic of the Enlightenment was the belief that truth can be arrived at solely by reason or logical thinking and this was called by what name? Rationalism
Which philosopher published 35 volumes of the Encyclopedia between 1751 and 1780? Denis Diderot
What were Salons? Gatherings of the social, political and cultured elite to meet and discuss the major issues of the day.
In Montesquieu's perfect government, power was divided into three groups, name them? Executive, Legislative,Judicial
What was Montesquieu's idea that influenced the framers of the United States Constitution? A Method of Checks and Balances
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that just laws and wise government should be based on what basic foundation? Popular Sovereignty
Why should Rousseau Not be included amon the philosophers of the Enlightenment? 1)He distrusted reason which was one of the Major Principles of Enlightened belief
What system of government did most philosophes favor? Enlightend Despotism
Were the Philosophes critics the political and social institutions of the day? Yes
Who were Philosophes? The Thinkers of the Enlightenment Period
List in order the names of the time periods before the Enlightenment Period? 1)Reneissance 2)Reformation 3)Scientific revolution 4)Enligntment
The Foundation of the Enlightenment Period was the belief in what? Rationalism (Truth derived by reason and observing cause and effect)
The Enlightenment Period is also refered to as what? The Age of Reason
The Enlightement led to an embrace of what type of Law? Natural Law All objects in nature behave in ways that humans can understand and predict.
The Enlightened believed in Natural Law and beleived these laws were created by who? God
In what forms did those of the Enlightened Period express their thoughts? Through Plays, books, pamphlets and a compilation of writings known as the Encyclopedia
What was the most important source of Enlightenment writing throughout Europe, that criticises the Church, gov., slave trad, torture, taxes and created discord?` The Encyclopedia
Despite the writings, the was of Spanish Succession and what treaty, Europe remained French? The Treaty of Utrecht
What language was used by most educated people in France? French
What was the lit matchstick to reform caused by? That thousand purchased, read and adapted the ideas set forth in the ENCYCLOPEDIA.
Why were Salons important? Because Philosophes from all over Europe traveled to France (mainly PARIS), so prominent French hostesses set up gathering places for the sharing of ideas with entertainment
Baron de Montesquieu was influenced by whom? John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu believed that what country had the most influential government after studying all the existing goverments? The British
What do the three branches of the government do? 1) Legislative -- Establish Laws 2) Executive -- Administer Laws 3) Judicial --Interpret Laws
Voltaire was imprisoned twice for insulting French leaders, & publishing philosophical letters touting the British ideas, in what famous Paris prison? Bastille
The French writer Francois-Marie Arouet was better known by what name? Voltaire
What famous Novel did Voltaire write, that is a satire ridiculing oppressive government, prejudice & bigotry? "Candide"
Created by: v2013l
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