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*What was the period during which Philosophers believed they could apply the Sceintific method and use reason to logically explain Human Nature?
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*What was the belief that truth can be arrived at solely by reason, or rational, logical thinking?
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History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| *What was the period during which Philosophers believed they could apply the Sceintific method and use reason to logically explain Human Nature? | Enlightenment |
| *What was the belief that truth can be arrived at solely by reason, or rational, logical thinking? | Rationalism |
| *What was the French word for "Philosophers," thinkers of the Enlightenment: | Philosophes |
| *What were gatherings of the social, political, and cultural elite: | Salons |
| *What was the belief that government should be created by and subject to the will of the people? | Popular Sovereignty |
| *What was the system of government in which absolute rulers ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment? | Enlightened Despotism |
| *Who was the French Philosopher who edited the Encyclopedia? | Denis Diderot |
| *Who was the French Philosophe who believed in the Separation of governmental powers? | Baron de Montesquieu |
| *Who was the French Writer who fought against Intolerance and Injustice? | Voltaire |
| *Who was the French Thinker who beleived in popular sovereignty? | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| *What were the Main Characteristics of Enlightenment Thinking? | 1)That every natual phenomenon had a cause & effect 2) That Truth can be achieved by logical thinking 3) That natural laws foverned the universe and all creatures |
| *Describe Three examples of systems of government that philosophes found to be praiseworthy? | 1) British Gov - Montesquieu believed this divided power equally among the legislative, executive and judicial branches 2) A Government based on Popular Sovereignty 3) A Government of Enlightened Despotism |
| *Name the ideas Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau had in common? | They all criticized society |
| *Did Rousseau trust or distrust Rationalism? | Distrust |
| *Name the two Philosophes that were the most concerned with government? | Montesquieu and Rousseau |
| *Name the Philosophes that emphasized a Separation of Power? | Montesquieu |
| *Name the Philosophes that emphasise a Popular Sovereignty? | Rousseau |
| *Name the Philosophes that exemplified the Spirit of the Enlightenment? | Voltaire |
| *Because of their ideas what two Philosophes were imprisoned? | Diderot and Voltaire |
| Did the Enlightenment philosophers beleive they could apply the scientific method and use reason to explain hman nature logically? | Yes |
| One characteristic of the Enlightenment was the belief that truth can be arrived at solely by reason or logical thinking and this was called by what name? | Rationalism |
| Which philosopher published 35 volumes of the Encyclopedia between 1751 and 1780? | Denis Diderot |
| What were Salons? | Gatherings of the social, political and cultured elite to meet and discuss the major issues of the day. |
| In Montesquieu's perfect government, power was divided into three groups, name them? | Executive, Legislative,Judicial |
| What was Montesquieu's idea that influenced the framers of the United States Constitution? | A Method of Checks and Balances |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that just laws and wise government should be based on what basic foundation? | Popular Sovereignty |
| Why should Rousseau Not be included amon the philosophers of the Enlightenment? | 1)He distrusted reason which was one of the Major Principles of Enlightened belief |
| What system of government did most philosophes favor? | Enlightend Despotism |
| Were the Philosophes critics the political and social institutions of the day? | Yes |
| Who were Philosophes? | The Thinkers of the Enlightenment Period |
| List in order the names of the time periods before the Enlightenment Period? | 1)Reneissance 2)Reformation 3)Scientific revolution 4)Enligntment |
| The Foundation of the Enlightenment Period was the belief in what? | Rationalism (Truth derived by reason and observing cause and effect) |
| The Enlightenment Period is also refered to as what? | The Age of Reason |
| The Enlightement led to an embrace of what type of Law? | Natural Law All objects in nature behave in ways that humans can understand and predict. |
| The Enlightened believed in Natural Law and beleived these laws were created by who? | God |
| In what forms did those of the Enlightened Period express their thoughts? | Through Plays, books, pamphlets and a compilation of writings known as the Encyclopedia |
| What was the most important source of Enlightenment writing throughout Europe, that criticises the Church, gov., slave trad, torture, taxes and created discord?` | The Encyclopedia |
| Despite the writings, the was of Spanish Succession and what treaty, Europe remained French? | The Treaty of Utrecht |
| What language was used by most educated people in France? | French |
| What was the lit matchstick to reform caused by? | That thousand purchased, read and adapted the ideas set forth in the ENCYCLOPEDIA. |
| Why were Salons important? | Because Philosophes from all over Europe traveled to France (mainly PARIS), so prominent French hostesses set up gathering places for the sharing of ideas with entertainment |
| Baron de Montesquieu was influenced by whom? | John Locke |
| Baron de Montesquieu believed that what country had the most influential government after studying all the existing goverments? | The British |
| What do the three branches of the government do? | 1) Legislative -- Establish Laws 2) Executive -- Administer Laws 3) Judicial --Interpret Laws |
| Voltaire was imprisoned twice for insulting French leaders, & publishing philosophical letters touting the British ideas, in what famous Paris prison? | Bastille |
| The French writer Francois-Marie Arouet was better known by what name? | Voltaire |
| What famous Novel did Voltaire write, that is a satire ridiculing oppressive government, prejudice & bigotry? | "Candide" |
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