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LP - Chapter 5
Lake Park - AP Human Geography - Chapter 5 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Creole or Creolized Language | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
| Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by a vocabulary, spelling, and punctuation |
| Extinct Language | A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used |
| Ideograms | The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound, as in the case with letters in English |
| Isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usage predominate Language Branch |
| Language family | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history |
| Language Group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and displays relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary |
| Lingua Franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages |
| Literary Tradition | A language that is written as well as spoken |
| Official Language | The language adopted for use by the government for use conduct of business and publication of documents |
| Pidgin Language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages |
| Standard Language | The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications |
| Proto-Indo-European | Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of an ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages Language Convergence |
| Language Divergence | A process whereby new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of special interaction among speakers of the language and continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages. |
| Renfrew Hypothesis | Hypothesis proposed that three areas in and near the agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, gave rise to three language families: Europe's Indo-European; North Africa and Arabian; and the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India |
| Conquest Theory | One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues |
| Dispersal Hypothesis | Hypothesis which holds that the Indo-European languages that arose from the Proto-Indo-European were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia, next around Caspian Sea, and then across the Russian-Ukrainian plains and on into the Balkans |
| Monolingual States | Countries in which only one language is spoken |
| Multilingual States | Countries in which more than one language is spoken |
| Toponym | Place name |
| Standard Language | The variant of a language that a county's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life |
| Isogloss | A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs. |
| Extinct Language | Language without any native speakers. |
| Nostratic | Language believed to be the ancestral language of Proto-Indo-European, the Kartvelian languages, the Uralic-Atlantic, the Dravadian languages of India, and the Afro-Asiatic language family |
| Pidgin Language | When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary |
| Creole Language | A language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue |
| Official Language | In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government |
| Vernacular | 1) The nonstandard indigenous language or dialect of a locality. 2) Of or related to indigenous arts and architecture, such as a vernacular house. 3) Of or related to the perceptions and understandings of the general population, such a vernacular region |
| Dialect | Geographically distinct versions of a single language that vary somewhat from the parent form |
| Lingua Franca | An extremely simple language that combines aspects of two or more other, more-complex languages usually used for quick and efficient communication |
| Pidgin Language | Language that may develop when two groups of people with different languages meet. The pidgin has some characteristics of each language |
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LakeParkAPHumanGeo
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