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AP World History
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The global warming that ended the last Ice Age that geologists the era since about 9000 BCE a new name | Holocene |
| Was the most important city in Southern Mesopotamia in the second and first millennia | Babylon |
| Traits: 1)Food producing based surpluses 2)increase in population 3)specialized labor 4)social hierarchy 5)growth of trade 6)centralization of political/religious authority 7)monumental building 8)development of writing and written records | Civilization |
| (2600-1900 BCE) A community that flourished urban sites Earliest levels of this settlement are nearly impossible to find | Harappa |
| Definitely authorized order of the universe | ma'at |
| Ruling dynasties usually placed their capitals in the area of their original power base. Was the central position during the Old Kingdom | Memphis |
| Big Stones. Relates to religious beliefs. | Megalith |
| learned patterns of action and expression | Culture |
| "wedge-shaped" reed made wedge-shaped impressions, the early pictures,evolved into stylized combinations of strokes and wedges | cuneiform |
| hunting and food gathering people They got nutrition from wild vegetables and meats | foragers |
| (1792-1750 BCE) HE initiated a series of aggressive military campaigns His "Law Codes" provided judges with a lengthy set of examples illustrating the principles to be used in deciding cases | Hammurabi |
| the earliest form of writing system created by the Egyptians | Hieroglyphics |
| The development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events | History |
| One of the most impressive of South America's early urban civilizations | Chavin |
| (551-479 BCE) A central influence in Chinese thought. Drew a parallel between the family and the state. | Confucius |
| a dependent state in the Wei River Valley. Zhou King line was the longest lasting and most revered of all dynasties in the Chinese history | Zhou |
| The differences in male and female activities were explained by this concept. The complementary nature of male and female roles in the natural order | Yin/Yang |
| Originated in the part of the Yellow River Valley that lies in the present-day Henan This society was dominated by a warrior aristocracy | Shang |
| (1200-400 BCE) Most influential early Meso-american civilization | Olmec |
| Capital of a flourishing kingdom in Southern Nubia from the fourth century BCE to the fourth CE in the period Nubian culture to show independence from Egypt | Meroe |
| The chief deity= "Heaven" The monarch= "Son of Heaven" His rule="Mandate of Heaven" The ruler is chosen by the supreme deity and would retain his backing as long as he served as a wise and energetic guardian of the people. | Mandate of Heaven |
| Wind blowing from Central Asia have deposited this yellowish/brown dust This suspends in the water and gives the Yellow River its name. | loess |
| Its purpose was to move goods from one ecological zone to another promoted specialization of production and increased trade. Only domesticated beast of burden in the Americas. | llama |
| The wealthy and power of the state and its demands for obedience were justified by an authoritarian political philosophy | Legalism |
| the name was given to the kingdom whose capital was located at Kerma | Kush |
| Shang rulers used it to determine the will of the gods. They made ritual sacrifices. | divination |
| Sought to stop the warfare of the age by urging humanity to follow the Dao or "path". The followers accept the world as they find it, avoiding useless struggles and adhering to the "path" of nature. | Daoism |
| supplanted it during the Middle and New Kingdom periods | Thebes |
| Begins written records. Divides prehistory and history. created the framework of civilizations in Mesopotamia | Sumerians |
| Stone toolmaking. 1st recognizable cultural activity.[made of: bone, skin, wood, etc] | Stone Age |
| North of Sumerians.{family of languages spoken in parts of Western Asian and Northern Africa} | Semitic |
| An administrator of scholar charged by the temple or palace with reading and writing tasks. | Scribe |
| Multistory, mud-brick, pyramid shaped tower approached by ramps and stairs | ziggurat |
| a series of stone platforms laid one on top of the other | Pyramid |
| the King. the Egyptian state centered on him. | Pharaoh |
| writing material {like paper} made from stems of the papyrus reed that grew in the Nile marshes | papyrus |
| (Old Stone Age) major subdivision in the Stone Age. Lasted until 10,000 years ago. | Paleolithic |
| (New Stone Age) associated with the origins of agriculture | Neolithic |
| immersing the cadaver for long periods in dehydrating and preserving chemicals, they wrapped it in linen, then it was placed a decorative casket and in a tomb. | Mummy |
| (2600-1900 BCE) another flourishing community. High water table at this makes excavation of the earliest levels of settlement nearly impossible. | Mohenjo-Daro |
| self-governing urban center and the agricultural territories it controlled. | city-state |
| Macelonian dynasty. Descended from Alexander the Great's officer. Ruled Egypt for three centuries. Extracted the wealth of the land, rewarded Greek's and Hellonized non-Greeks for serving in military/ administration | Ptolemies |
| (323-30 BCE) Greek culture spread across Western Asia and Northeastern Africa after the conquest of Alexander the Great. Ended with the fall of the last Hellenistic Kingdom of Rome | Hellenistic Age |
| King of Macedonia in Northern Greece. Conquered Persian Empire. Spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | Alexander |
| Costly. Between Athenian and Sparta. Because of Athenian Imperialism. Sparta won because of Athenian errors and Persian financial support. | Peloponnesian War |
| Athenian philosopher who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from question of natural science to ethnics and human behavior. | Socrates |
| Heir to the techniques of historia. Traveled a lot. Originated in the Western tradition of historical writing. | Herodotus |
| gift given to a deity. Often to gain a relationship to the God to provide benefit to the sacrificer | Sacrifice |
| System of government in which all "citizens" have equal political/legal rights as in the Greek city-state of Athens in the 4th&5th centuries BCE | Democracy |
| the term Greeks used to describe someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of their community | Tyrant |
| heavily armored Greek infantry man of the Archaic and classical periods who fought in the close-packed phlanx formation | hoplite |
| Greek term for city-state, an urban center, and the agriculture territory under its control. | Polis |
| Religion originating in ancient Iran with the Zoroacater Emphasized truth telling, purity, and reverence for nature. Human choose sides in the struggle between good and evil. | Zoroastrainism |
| governor of province in the Achaemenid Persian Empire. responsible for protection of the province | satrap |
| seized the throne of Persia established a system of provinces and tribute began the construction of Persepolis expanded Persia control in the East and West | Darius I |
| The son os a Persian chieftain and a Median princess united the various Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarch around 550 BCE | Cyrus |
| Complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings by Darius I and Xeroxes-Persian kings. celebrations were held there | Persepolis |
| a circle of graves at the base of deep, rectangular shafts. Contained the bodies of men, women, and children and with gold jewelry and ornaments, weapons, and utensils. | Shaft Graves |
| (1290-1224 BCE) aka Rameses the Great rulers of the Ramessides dynasty, renewed the policy of conquest and expansion that Akhenaten had neglected. Undertook monumental building projects all over Egypt | Rameses II |
| Additional information about Mycenaen life is provided by over four thousand baked clay tablets written in script now called______ | Linear B |
| contained official documents as well as literary and scientific texts | Library of Ashurbanipal |
| The Eastern Hemisphere begun to use iron instead of bronze for tools and weapons | Iron Age |
| speakers of an Indo-European language, who became the foremost power in Anatolia from around 1700-1200 BCE | Hitites |
| (Old Testament) collection of writings perserved. the different material came from different groups, employed distinctive vocabulary, and advocated particular interpretations of past events | Hebrew Bible |
| Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad from 750-1258 | Abbasid Caliphate |
| Men and women who agitated for a complete end to slavery | abolitionists |
| the adoption of the language, customs, values, and behaviors of host nations by immigrants. | acculturation |
| Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early 17th century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641 | Acheh Sultanate |
| Port city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen | Aden |
| An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa | African National Congress |
| South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the 17th century | Afrikaners |
| the change from food gathering to food production that occurred between 8000-2000 BCE Neolithic Revolution | Agricultural Revolution (ancient) |
| the transformation of farming that resulted in the 18th century from the spread of new crops, improvements in cultivation techniques & livestock breeding | Agricultural Revolution (18th century) |
| (1869-1964) Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain | Emilio Aguinaldo |
| (1542-1605) Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India | Akbar I |
| (1353-1335 BCE) Egyptian pharaoh. | Akhenaten |
| city on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander. Capitol of the Hellenistic kingdom of the Ptolemies | Alexandria |
| Political organization founded in India in 1906 to defend the interests of India's Muslim minority | All-Indian Muslim League |
| small charm meant to protect the bearer from evil. | amulet |
| this river valley was a contested frontier between northern China and eastern Russia until the settlement arranged in Treaty of Nerchinsk | Amur River |
| revolutionaries who wanted to abolish all private property and governments, usually by violence, and replace them with free associations of groups | anarchists |
| a conduit, either elevated or underground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location that needed it | aqueduct |
| Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus | Arawak |
| (1732-1792) English inventor and entrepreneur who became the wealthiest and most successful textile manufacturer of the early Industrial Revolution | Richard Arkwright |
| One of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia and the western Caucasus and occupied by speakers of the Armenian language | Armenia |
| African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680 | Asante |
| (1336-1573) the second of Japan's military governments headed by a shogun | Ashikaga Shogunate |
| Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India(270-232 BCE) | Ashoka |
| Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore- nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s | Asian Tigers |
| (1502-1533) Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. | Atahualpa |
| The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system | Atlantic Circuit |
| The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin | Atlantic system |
| (63 BCE- 14 CE) Honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate | Augustus |
| Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust | Auschwitz |
| Andean lineage group or kin-based community | ayllu |
| Aka Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 CE) | Aztecs |
| The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia | Babylon |
| The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the 18th century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful | Balance of Power |
| Statement issued by Britain's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour in 1917 favoring the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine | Balfour Declaration |
| Hereditary military servants of the Qing Empire, in large part descendants of people of various origins who had fought for the founders of the empire | Bannermen |
| Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages | Bantu |
| Fort established 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia | Batavia |
| US naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. | Battle of Midway |
| British victory over the Mahdi in the Sudan in 1898 | Battle of Omdurman |
| China's northern capital. | Beijing |
| Region in northeastern India. | Bengal |
| (1884-1885) conference that German chancellor Otto von Bismarck called to set rules for the partition of Africa | Berlin Conference |
| The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit | Bhagavad-Gita |
| Saudi-born Muslim extremist who funded the al-Qaeda organization that was responsible for several terrorists attacks | Usama bin Laden |
| (1815-1898) Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany | Otto von Bismark |
| An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-14th century, carrying off vast numbers of persons | Black Death |
| (1783-1830) the most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America | Simon Bolivar |
| Radical Marxist political party founded by Vladimir Lenin in 1903 | Bolsheviks |
| In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions | bourgeoisie |
| (1742-1807) Mohawk leader who supported the British during the American Revolution | Joseph Brant |
| The rule over much of South Asia between 1765 and 1947 by the East India Company and then by a British government | British raj |
| a bacterial disease of fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans | bubonic plague |
| (563-483 BCE) An Indian prince, Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social positions | Buddha |
| Recurrent swings from economic hard times to recovery and growth, then back again | business cycle |
| Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the 4th century onward. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453 | Byzantine Empire |
| office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire | caliphate |
| the economic system of large financial institutions that first developed in early modern Europe | capitalism |
| a small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic | caravel |
| city located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians 800 BCE | Carthage |
| A rebellion of the Maya people against the government of Mexico in 1847 | Caste War |
| religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation | Catholic Reformation |
| quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season | champa rice |
| city in the Wei Valley in eastern China | Chang'an |
| (742-814) King of the Franks; emperor. established the Carolingian Empire | Charlemagne |
| Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies | chartered companies |
| The first major urban civilization in South America | Chavin |
| (1886-1975) Chinese military and political leader | Chiang KAi-shek |
| form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns | chiefdom |
| raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields | chinampas |
| an ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits | civilization |
| (1835-1908) Empress of China and mother of Emperor Guangxi | Empress Dowager Cixi |
| large, fast, streamlined sailing vessel of the mid-to-late 19th century vast canvas sails | clipper ship |
| (1945-1991) the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism for world influence [Soviet Union vs United States] | Cold War |
| policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power | colonialism |
| the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages | Columbian Exchange |
| (1814-1815) meeting the representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I | Congress of Vienna |
| early-16 century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru | conquistadors |
| in colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World | creoles |
| (1853-1856) Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula. to prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans | Crimean War |
| (1962) Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter's placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba | Cuban Missile crisis |
| Domination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority | cultural imperialism |
Created by:
Elizabeth.Russell
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