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Zyg History Unit 1
| What is/are... | The Answer is... |
|---|---|
| Specialization | when people preform selected jobs which they are good at, this was the start of surplus |
| Social Stratification | ranking or classifying people acording to status or prestige |
| City-State | A city-state is a city that has its own government and rules, but isn't a part of a bigger government, the government is the government for just that city. City-States are cities that are sovereign. |
| Soverignty | Where each state in Sumer had final authority/rule over itself within its boundaries |
| Lamintation | When natural or human disasters struck Sumer, people living in the Tigris-Euphrates valley openly mourned these events |
| Ziggurat | “A massive stepped tower with a huge square or rectangle base and as many as seven similar shaped smaller stories on top of the base Its foundation was made of stone, but the upper stories were built of baked brick” It was believed that gods and goddesses |
| Monopoly | When someone has complete control or authority over a something, ex. the temple servents had a monopoly over education, they were basically the only ones who had education |
| Legitimacy | the state of being legitimate. Temple servents and leaders were legitimate becuase people would follow them |
| Hereditery-Monarchy | If a leader (such as a king) would die his son or daughter woul inheret his role as the leader of whatever land |
| Immortality | the state of being exempt from death or being able to last indefinitely |
| Surplus | Having an Abundance of food, clothing, etc. |
| Specilization | People preform specific jobs and roles in the communitites, it required cooperation, a direct product of extra food |
| Social Stratification | Ranking or classifying people acordding to status or prestige |
| City-State | A city that has its own government, rules, but isn’t part of a bigger government, the government is the government for just that city |
| Sovereignty | Where each state in Sumer had final authority/rule over itself within its boundaries |
| Lamentation | When natural or human disasters struck Sumer, people living in the Tigris-Euphrates valley openly mourned these events |
| Ziggurat | "A massive stepped tower with a huge square or rectangle base and as many as seven similar shaped smaller stories on top of the base Its foundation was made of stone, but the upper stories were built of baked brick” It was believed that gods and goddess |
| Monopoly | Exclusive ownership by one entity of a commodity or genre of product |
| Hereditary-Monarchy | A son or daughter would rule, following their father's death |
| Immortality | the state of being exempt from death or being able to last indefinitely |
| Agricultural Revolution | Knowlage of Agriculture and Breeding animals resulted in numorous dramatic changes in how humans live |
| Legitimacy | The state of being legitamite |
| Hunter Gatherers | Nomads that moved from place to place in search of food and shelter, hunters-men, gatherers-women |
| B.C.E VS. C.E | (blank) |
| Domestication of Animals | When people started to breed animals and raise them domestically, instead of going out to hunt, started with raindeer and dogs becuase raindeer would carry supplies and dogs would control the other animals and provide protection |
| Nomadic | Nomads were people who didnt have one permanent home and would wander in search of food and shelter |
| Silt | Washes up from the river, good for the crops and making land fertile |
| Irrigation | is a process in which water is transportated to crop filled lands, this is neccesary so that when there is lack of water, the crops wont die |
| Cuneiform | Sumerins created 500-600 symbols in the writing system called cuneiform |
| Temple Servents/Temple Economy | Early Sumerien economy was a temple economy because most of the activity was directed by and for the ziggurats, becuase people wanted the gods to feel honored, temple servants; the poeple that took care of temples (religious, ecomonic, social, religious) |
| Epic | A long narritive poem that selebrates the feats of legendary heros who are involved in journies or severe tests |
| Myth | derives from ancient greek word for poetic story, not delibritly stories, not delibritly made up, but are entertaining (explaining the workings of the universe and humanities place in it.) |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Story about a ruler named Gilgamesh |
| Primary Vs. Secondary Source | Primary Source-One that is an actually document from that period of time, (letter, picture, etc.) secondary source (things written off of primary sources reflecting history) |
| Surplus | An abundance of food, clothing, items, etc. (outcome of agricultural revolution) |
| Civilization | A group of people who work together and form a community, rules, customs and a government. Text: one that produces a surplus, built cities, had specialization, trade and social stratification, create a central government and kept written records |
| Where did Civilization develop? | The first civilizations developed in river valleys. This was a good place becuase there were many resources including: constistant supply of fish and water fowl, transportation (river) water (drinks for humans and crops..fertil soil (silt)) irragation |
| How did civilization develop? | hunter-gatherers relized plants would return same spot year after year, curious, learned to plant seeds and breed animals |
| Why did civilization develope? | challenge and response: when confronted with challenge, need to come up with solution/interaction with others: borrow ideas and ways, but if you didnt liek or respect their belifs either ignore their excistance or more likley start some sort of war |
| How do we know? | Because of artifacts, ex. Cuneiform tablets from Sumer and pottery, remains of pottery, with pottery you can store seeds and grains for the winter or however long you need |
| What was the Agricultural Revolution and why was it such an important change in human society? | It was when people realized how to breed animals and plant crops, there was no reason to be nomadic anymore because of this, always had food, could build and permanant shelter |
| What was the Agricultural Revolution and why was it such an important change in human society? Part 2 | New permanant homes were built and villages came about, this meant that other members not only family members were part of your village, this mean that not everyone could be trusts, need government system, specialization...etc. |
| What should we keep in mind when using the term "Civilization?" | The opposite of civilized is uncivilized, just because a village or city doesnt have all the characteristics of one that is civilized does not mean that they arent, use different term, such as complex societies |
| Social Changes of the Agricultural Revolution | Specialization, Social Stratification, etc, but most important LEISURE TIME, people werent hunting and gathering all the time because they could plant and grow food, breed animals, meaning they could use their time differently |
| Womens Roles: Before and After | Before: had babies, taught them, gathered nuts and grains, etc. After: Planted seeds did all the farming along with children until new machernery such as plows were made, then needed the mens strength, but women did a lot of other things around the house |
| Mens Roles: Before and After | Before: Hunters...After: Farmers, Breeders, Hunters (depending on their job) After plow was created farming and other specialized jobs |
| Hunter-Gatherers | hunter gatherer's were the people of prehistory,nomads, moving place to place to find food; when arrived would "set up camp" -traveled with about 30 others (usually in family) women-gathered (nuts, grains, etc.) men-hunted (game; deer,moose, etc.) |
| What are examples of domesticated animals? | Raindeer-carried peoples goods//Dogs-kept other animals controlled and served as protection for the village |
| After Agricultural Revolution were there differences in wealth? | Yes, There were big differences in wealth, and most of it had to do with surplus, the more food or animals or goods you had, the more wealth you had. the fact that there was weath gave people more or less power according to their status in society (SS) |
| Social Hierarchy: Who would be higher in society? | At first temple servents were the highest because they controlled almost everything (ziggurat economy) then military leaders started to gain more powers, fights between religious and military leaders for legitimacy broke out |
| What responsibilities did temple servents have? | Religious, Social, Political, and Economic |
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sfh728
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