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Logan's Social St.
World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Use of reason to understand the world | rationalism |
| belief that the earth is the center of the universe | geocentric theory |
| things combining well with each other to form the universe as a whole | harmony |
| period of questioning accepted views of the world | scientific revolution |
| sun centered | heliocentric |
| approach to understanding the world that involves observation and experimentation | scientific method |
| proved, using math, that the planets moved around the sun | Kepler |
| the first to believe that the sun was the center of the universe | Copernicus |
| used the telescope and open glass thermometer | Galielo |
| said all physical objects were affected by gravity | Newton |
| the first to study the circulation of the blood and to say that our hearts pump blood | Harvey |
| came up with the theory of scientific method | Bacon |
| First man (Spanish) whose crew circumnavigated the world | Magellan |
| Spanish man who took over the Incas in Peru | Pizarro |
| Spanish man who conquered the Aztec Indians in Mexico | Cortes |
| English man who worked for the Dutch East India Company; A bay and a river are named after him in the New York area | Hudson |
| Movement of living things between hemispheres | Columbian Exchange |
| Trade between West Indies (silver, sugar cane), Europe (cheap manuf. goods), and Africa (slaves) | Triangle Trade |
| Exclusive trade between another country and colonies | Mercantilism |
| Private owndership/competition; private ownders determine products made, how much made, and cost, cost is determined by supply and demand | Capitalisim |
| Mains means of production are controlled or owned by the government | Socialism |
| Government owns and cotnrolls ALL economic production and distribution of a country | Communism |
| to make more "European" | Westernize |
| Great Charter signed in 1215 by King John, said he could not tax the people without consent or deny them basic rights | Magna Carta |
| to bring all of the power of the government of one person or group | centralization |
| Kings receive their power from God | Divine Right |
| English royal family of Henry VIII, Bloody mary, Elizabeth I | Tudors |
| English Royal family of James I, Charles I, Charles II, James II, who abused absolute power | Stuarts |
| Absolute Monarch of England who was pro-Catholic and did things without consent of Parliment | King James I |
| English Stuart King who tried to rule without parliament; executed by Oliver Cromwell and the roundheads | Charles I |
| England's equal to America's congress | Parliament |
| Supporters of Parlimanet during the English Civil War | Roundheads |
| Leader of the roundheads; leader of England after James I execution. | Cromwell |
| Military Law (soliders everywhere enforcing laws) | marital law |
| strict religioius group of England under Oliver Cromwell | Puritan |
| Purtian dictatorship in England under Oliver Cromwell after regicide of King Charles I | Protectorate |
| son of Charles; brought back to rule during "Restoration." | Charles II |
| putting a king on the throne after there hasn't been one | restoration |
| Gave basic rights to the English people | English Bill or Rights |
| 1st country in Europe to end divine right monarchy | England |
| Bloodless Revolution where Jamess II fled to France and his daugher Mary and her husband William took the throne in England without a battle | Glorious Revolution |
| In Colonial Spanish America, somone of European descent born in the New Wold. Everywhere else in the Americas, all non-native peoples | Creoles |
| Held Middle Position in society. | Mestizo |
| Trading company chartered by the Dutch government. | Dutch West India company |
| Transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas | Middle Passage |
| Where the King has total control over everything. | Absolutism |
| In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town swellers. | Bourgeoisies |
| Mexican Priest who established independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810 | Hidalgo |
| Creole military officer in northern South America, won series of victories. | Simon Bolivar |
| Leader of independence movement in Rio de la Plata, independence movement in Chile and Peru. | San Martin |
| American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States | Monroe Doctrine |
| War fought between Spain and the US beginning in 1898 | Spanish-American War |
| Canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route from Atlantic to Pacific- O | Panama Canal |
| Used monarchy and Parliament to prevent conflict and strengthen Protestantism | Elizabeth I |
| Tried to make England Catholic, persecuting many to get her nickname | Mary I (Bloody Mary) |
| France-governement should be controlled by the people | Rousseau |
| people in nature live in a state of anarchy, need to be ruled to survive | Hobbes |
| People had the right to life, liberty, and property | Locke |
| The representative body in France, made up of 3 estates | Estates General |
| nobility | first estate |
| clergy | second estate |
| bourgeoisie and peasants | third estate |
| prison in Paris that represented royal oppression, prisoners were freed in the revolution | The Bastille |
| members of the 3rd Estate who broek from teh Estates General and invited the 1st and 2nd estates to join them in writing a new consitution of France | National Assembly |
| written by the National Assembly, stated that men are born equal and remain equal before the law, guaranteed freedom of speech, press, religion, all men have the right to participate in government, hold office, have a trial | Declaration of the Rights of Man |
| the legislative body that ruled France for 3 years after the fall of Louis XVI and the Estates General. They found Louis SVI guilty and beheaded him. | National Convention |
| Leader of the Committee of Public Safety that tried to stomp out anyone who was an enemy of the Republic | Robespierre |
| September 1793-July 1794 when all enemies of France were sent to the guillotine | Reign of Terror |
| a military heor who was a member of the Directory bu clamied sole power over France | Napoleon Bonaparte |
| The middle class; neither nobles or peasants | Bourgeoisie |
| One who opposes rapid changes and holds traditional values | conservative |
| forced removal from one's native country | exile |
| a device designed to decapitate people | guillotine |
| a governement run by representatives elected by the people | republic |
| a supporter of the king or queen | royalist |
| became the basis of the law system for many countries | napoleonic code |
| company which initially held control of India until the British government took control | British East India Co. |
| Indian Soldiers who work for the British | Sepoys |
| The Sepoys rebelled because... | they were forced to bite bullets that contained pork grease |
| A crop grown only with the purpose of raising money | cash crop |
| Why did the sun never set on the British empire? | Because it was so big somewhere in the world the sun was shining on British territory. |
| Domination over another country | Imperialisim |
| Types of Imperialism | Economic, Military, Political, Cultural |
| belief that some races of people deserve to control or dominate others | Social Darwinism |
| a country under the authority or control of another | colony |
| how did industrialism lead to the age of Imperialism? | Need for cheap raw materials |
| for a nation to take on habits or customs of the western countries | westernization |
| the 2nd leader of Russia and the Communist Party by 1929 | Stalin |
| the act of trying to rid a certain race out of a country | ethnic cleansing |
| another name for World War I | great war |
| year that world war I started | 1914 |
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, and at one point, Italy were part of what alliance in World War I? | Central Powers |
| Great Britian, France, Serbia, Russia, and later the United States were part of what alliance during WWI? | Allied Powers |
| The rapid build up of a country's military (known as one of the causes of WWI). | Militarism |
| Pride in ones country or region. | Nationalism |
| This assassination of heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was a direct cause of WWI. | Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| The president of the US during WWI | Woodrow Wilson |
| Term often used for submarines during WWI. | U-boats |
| term referring to a battle involving planes with pilots shooting at each other while in flight | dogfight |
| therm used for giant hydrogen-filled blimps that were used to drop explosives | zeppelin |
| Name of the passenger liner sunk by German U-boats killing 1200 people during WWI that would later be one of the reasons America joined the war. | Lusitania |
| This was sent from Germany to Mexico promising them land in the United States in their return for their support against America. | Zimmerman Telegram |
| Seen in WWI and even today, this meant to sway the publics' opinion for or against something. | Propaganda |
| Day that World War I ended. Also known as Armistice Day and is celebrated as Veterans Day. | November 11, 1918 |
| Treaty that ended World War I. | Treaty of Versailles |
| This word refers to the payments to cover war damages. Other countries thought that Germany should have to pay these. | Reparations |
| Woodrow Wilson's plan for peace after WWI. | Fourteen Points |
| Later replaced by the United Nations, this peace keeping organization was Woodrow Wilson's idea in the Fourteen Points | League of Nations |
| Time period that occured in the 1920s when America was experiencing a prosperous economy, where many lived life to the excess. | Roaring Twenties |
| This economic downturn occurred after the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and did not end until the outbreak of WWII. | Great Depression |
| What alliance won World War I? | Allied Powers |
| Waht country took most of the blame after WWI? | Germany |
| a single party controls the governement and every aspect of people's lives | totalitarian state |
| political system that is rooted in militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state | fascism |
| a member of the National Socialist German Worker's Party | Nazi |
| prison camps for civilians who are considered enemies of the state | concentration camps |
| a 1938 meeting of the leaders of Britian, France, Italy, and Germany at which an agreement was signed giving par tof Czechoslovakia to Htiler | Munich Conference |
| practice of giving in to agression in order to avoid war | appeasement |
| the swift attacks launched by Germany in World War II | blitzkrieg |
| World War II military alliance of Germany, Italy, Japan, and six other countries | Axis |
| World War II military alliance of Britian, France, the Soviet Union, United States, China, and 45 other countries. | Allies |
| Germany's failed attempt to subdue Britian in 1940 in preparation for invasion | Battle of Britian |
| day of the invasion of Western Europe by Allied forces | D-Day |
| German counterattack in December 1944 that temporarily slowed the Allied invasion of Germany | Battle of the Bulge |
| during WWII, Allied strategy of capturing Japanese-held islands to gain control of the Pacific Ocean | island hopping |
| Slaughter of Europe's Jews by the Nazis before and during WWII | Holocaust |
| theory of gravity | Newton |
| heliocentrism | Copernicus |
| Sun-Centered universe | heliocentrism |
| earth-centered universe | goecentrism |
| the guide for life--the absence of prejudice in one's thinking | reason |
| period in which thinkers questioned absolutism and the role of government | Enlightenment |
| the natural state of mankind | Liberty |
| natural laws of government exist just as do nautral laws of science | nature |
| life, liberty, property | Locke |
| Separation of government powers | Montesquieu |
| Social Contract | Rousseau |
| Louis XVI | King of France |
| Queen of France during the French Revolution | Marie Antoinette |
| what eventually happened to the king and queen of France as a result of the French Revolution? | Beheaded |
| building stormed by the third estate | bastille |
| time period when thousands of people were beheaded during the French Revolution | Reign of Terror |
| man who led the Reign of Terror | Robespierre |
| 2 countries involved in the Cold War | USA and USSR |
| name given to the dividing line between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War | Iron Curtain |
| Name of the first "hot spot" in the Cold War that lasted for 11 months | Berlin Airlift |
| Name of alliance formed by western nations to combat communism | NATO |
| Long name of NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| communist military alliance created to protect member nations from anti-communist forces | Warsaw Pact |
| Name of the financial plan of the US designed to help rebuild Europe. | Marshall Plan |
| War between 1950-1953 | Korean War |
| Closest time the world came to a nuclear war during the Cold War | Cuban Missle Crisis |
| policy of keeping communism from spreading | Containment |
| this kept East Germans from fleeing to West Germany | Berlin Wall |
| Who was the leader of the communist in Vietnam? | Ho Chi Minh |
| USSR breaks up in what year? | 1991 |
| The first Europeans to settle in Africa were from.... | Portugal |
| the new type of ship used during the age of exploration was the | caravel |
| a colony in which larger areas of land were farmed with cash crops that were traded across the globe is called | a plantation colony |
| Portugal is know for | establishing imperialism in China |
| Which ruler was executed following the English Civil War? | Charles I |
| Who was an absolute ruler of Russia? | Peter the Great |
| The French Revolution started becasue King Louis SVI | increased the taxes that had to be paid by the third estate |
| The first Latin American country to gain independence | Haiti |
| The Industrial Revolution began in | Great Britian |
| Which invention improved the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution? | Spinning Jenny |
| Which country controlled most of Africa during the 19th century imperalism? | Great Britian |
| Boxer Rebellion took place in what country? | China |
| War crimes trials following WWII were held in | Nuremberg |
| The Indian nationalist who supported non-violent resistance during the 20th century was | Mohandas Gandhi |
| The leader of Russia responsible for reforms such as perestroika and glasnost | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Communication across the globe in the late 20th century was revolutionized by the invention of | internet |
| Global Warming is caused when | carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere |
| Which nation was the first to give women the right to vote | Great Britian |
| The industrial revoltuion began with | textiles |
| a right that is believed to belong to every person | human rights |
| considered the most important statement on human rights since World War II | Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
| are not directly tied to any government, but still has a voice in world affairs | nongovernmental organization (NGO) |
| a new constitution which protected South Africa from apartheid, the legal separation of races | South African Bill of Rights |
| safety in a foreign country | asylum |
| Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome-viral syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus | AIDS |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | HIV |
| the buildup of nuclear weapons | nuclear proliferation |
| co-founders of APPLE CORPORATION (MACINTOSH, I-TOUCH. I-PAD, I-PHONE) Invented Apple computers in their garage | Steven Jobs & Stephen Wozniak |
| president of Microsoft / computer operating system WINDOWS | Bill Gates |
| revolution in communication, managing data and information | Technological Revolution |
| allow real time communication world wide | Satellites |
| first computer weighing 30 tons and as big as a house | ENIAC |
| world wide real time contact via internet, cellular telephony, fax (facsimile machines), cable and satellite TV | Information AGE |
| web of tens of thousands of computer networks | Internet |
| tool for searching schools, libraries, & offices efficiently | Web browser |
| the belief in equality of women and men, no matter what their age | gender equality |
| experiencing limits on legal, social, and economic rights simply because of gender | gender inequality |
| treating one gender better than the other without any fair or proper reason | gender discrimination |
| the right of women to vote and to run for office | woman's suffrage movement |
| citizens that wanted to use government to make society better. They believed in full rights for women, better education, and improved health services. | utilitarian |
| death rate | mortality |
| children between 5 and 14 who work at some job, many to help support the family | child labor |
| people worldwide began to think of themselves as part of one big economic and political system | globalism |
| nations relying upon one another for trade and economic stability | interdependence |
| worldwide marketplace in which nations depend upon each other for raw materials to make goods and for markets to sell them (IMPORT/EXPORT MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS) | global economy |
| smaller businesses that work for larger ones | subcontractor |
| the common currency of the European Union | euro |
| a regional market created by the United States, Canada, and Mexico | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
| made up of 140 nations to negotiate trade agreements and settle trade disputes | World Trade Organization (WTO) |
| a United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and imports | GATT treaties |
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