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HHS Endocrine System
Medical Word Elements & Abbreviations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Antagonistic | Acting in opposition; mutually opposing |
| electrolytes | mineral salts (sodium, potassium, and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution |
| Glucagon | Hormone produced by pancreatic alpha cells that increases the blood glucose level by stimulating the liver to change stored glycogen to glucose |
| Glucose | Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion |
| Homeostasis | Relative constancy or balance in the internal environment of the body, maintained by processes of feedback and adjustment in response to external or internal changes |
| hormones | Chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body that are released slowly in minute amounts directly into the bloodstream |
| Insulin | Hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells that acts to remove sugar (glucose) from the blood by promoting its storage in tissues as carbohydrates (glycogen) |
| Sympathomimetic | Agent that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
| Target | Structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: promotes secretion of hormones by adrenal cortex |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating Hormone: women- stimulates egg production; increases secretion of estrogen, men- stimulates sperm production |
| GH | Growth Hormone: bone, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissue growth; increases use of fats for energy |
| LH | Luteinizing Hormone: women- promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone men- promotes secretion of testosterone |
| Prolactin | Promotes lactation |
| TSH | Thyroid-stimulating hormone: stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone |
| ADH | Antidiuretic Hormone: Kidney- increases water re-absorption |
| Oxytocin | uterus- stimulates uterine contractions breast- promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands |
| calcitonin | regulates calcium levels in the blood in conjunction with parathyroid hormone, secreted when calcium levels in the blood are high |
| T4 & T3 | Thyroxine - increases energy production from all food types Triiodothyronine - increases rate of protein synthesis |
| PTH | Parathyroid Hormone: Bones- increases the re-absorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood Kidneys- increases calcium absorption and phosphate excretion small intestine- increases absorption of calcium and phosphate |
| Cortisol | promote gluconeogenesis: regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, helps depress inflammatory and immune responses |
| Aldosterone | Kidneys- increase blood levels of sodium and decrease blood levels of potassium in the kidneys |
| Epinephrine | targets sympathetic nervous system mimics its activities- increase metabolic rate and heart rate and raise blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction |
| Glucagon | raises blood glucose levels |
| Insulin | lowers blood glucose levels |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| calc/o | calcium |
| crin/o | secrete |
| gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o | sugar, sweetness |
| home/o | same, alike |
| kal/i | potassium |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| Thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| toxic/o | poison |
| -crine | secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -gen | forming, producing, origin |
| -toxic | poison |
| -uria | urine |
| eu- | good, normal |
| exo- | outside, outward |
| hyper- | excessive, above normal |
| hypo- | under, below |
| poly- | many, much |
Created by:
jeannette.johnson
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