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AP Chapter 15 Upshur
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| refusing to accept Japan's demand for a clause on racial equality in the Covenant of the League of Nations. | President Wilson had angered many Japanese by |
| an ultranationalist organization advocating military expansion against China and the Soviet Union. | The Black Dragon Society in Japan was |
| As the army and navy defied the civilian government and the emperor did not object, the military gradually gained the upper hand., Middle level and junior military officers took many policy matters into their hands, | change from a civilian to a military-dominated government in Japan |
| Direct actions included assassinations of superior officers, government leaders, and captains of industry.Civilian leaders of political parties lost all, or nearly all, political influence. | change from a civilian to a military-dominated government in Japan |
| censorship laws enforced w vigor, independ-minded professors were dismissed from teaching posts., hundreds of labor leaders, socialists, and students were thrown into jail., such popular western practices as ballroom dancing were discouraged as immoral. | pro-militarist governmental policies of Japan after 1931 |
| having the support of a mass party., having a charismatic leader., following a clearly articulated ideology. | Japanese militarists were different to Italian Fascists and German Nazis |
| helped by the victory of democratic countries in World War I. | Taisho democracy |
| During the 1930s, Japanese nationalism was strongest | in the military. |
| The first fascist state in Europe was | Italy. |
| The fasces or bundle of rods with an ax was a symbol that Mussolini's party derived from | ancient Rome. |
| achieved power legally., despised democratic institutions., despised democratic institutions. | Mussolini |
| Resentful of the meager territorial gains Italy had made during the Versailles conference, Mussolini became a passionate nationalist and used "iron fist" techniques to achieve his political goals. | Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party |
| The Fascists attacked labor unions, broke up socialist meetings, and in general expressed a widely held fear of left-wing revolution., King Victor Emmanuel III caved in to the Fascists' threat to March on Rome if their demands were not met. | Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party |
| The Fascist propaganda line in Italy during the 1920s and 1930s | extolled the glories of the Roman Republic and Empire. |
| Austrian by birth., wounded and decorated while serving in the German army during World War I.His oratorical skills won him leadership of one of several street-fighting groups that opposed the Weimar government. | Adolf Hitler |
| gave Hitler the power to rule by decree for four years. | The Enabling Act |
| exploited the burning down Reichstag., outlawed left-wing parties & disbanded right-wing parties, "blood purge" of leaders own Brownshirts win the support of Germany's army officers. massive public works program, including the first super-highways. | Adolf Hitler |
| One area in which Hitler's Nazi Party differed from Mussolini's Fascists was in its | doctrines of racial inequality. |
| a combination of state ownership and free enterprise, grants of tax relief to industries, investment in massive public works projects | economic policy or measure adopted in Nazi Germany |
| This economics professor became dictator of Portugal and ruled until his death in 1970. | Antonio de Oliveira Salazar |
| 1st battle of W.W. II in Europe., Liberals, socialists, and others from many western nations volunteered to fight on the side of the republican government., Hitler saw the Civil War as a testing ground for his newly re-equipped military. | Spanish Civil War |
| This group was least likely to support the dictatorship of Salazar in Portugal. | unions |
| This country was not a dominant force in the League of Nations in the 1920s. | United States |
| with his wife, Evita, developed a cult of personality, linking their fate to that of the entire nation. | Juan Perón |
| strengthened Brazilian industry and provided guaranteed employment, wages, and pensions for the urban working classes. | In Brazil, Getulio Vargas |
| The Locarno Pact of 1925 resolved international disputes, particularly between | Germany and France |
| unwilling assist victims aggression action lead to war., militarily weak largely demobilized armed forces WWI & rearming, Germany legitimate grievances & Hitler keep promises., feared inter. communism & Hitler and Mussolini as better alternatives. | western democracies follow a policy of appeasement in the 1930s |
| nations satisfied with the results of the Paris Peace Treaties | France, Great Britain, United States |
| renounced the use of war "as an instrument of national policy." | The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 |
| For its abundant agricultural and mineral resources., It was a first step to the conquest of China. | Japanese so interested in acquiring Manchuria |
| warships shelled Shanghai at point blank range., The Japanese conquered Jehol, a province adjacent to Manchuria. | Japanese acts of aggression against China in the 1930s before the outbreak of World War II |
| With the help of German advisors, they built up their army and air force., built railroads, roads, and factories to prepare for war., began talks with the Chinese communists for the formation of a united front. | measures the Nationalist Chinese took in anticipation of all-out Japanese aggression |
| The signatories of the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936 were | Germany and Japan. |
| seized first by Japan | Taiwan |
| World War II began in Asia on | 7 July 1937. |
| Italy was able to prosecute its invasion of Ethiopia in part because it continued to receive oil from companies in | France., Great Britain., the United States. |
| Great Britain and France were unwilling to support an embargo on shipping of petroleum to Italy. | League of Nations failed to take effective steps against Italy's aggression in Ethiopia |
| acquisition of living space for Germans, particularly in Slavic areas of eastern Europe. | Hitler's concept of Lebensraum referred to |
| general populace in both countries had a genuine abhorrence of war., reluctant to increase military spending in the face of many unsolved social and economic problems . | France and Britain fail to react to German remilitarization of the Rhineland |
| no effective policy to counter, protested against Japanese against China refused & recognize conquests, Hitler's Germany as a buffer 4 inter. communism, most Americans devoted energies toward econ. recovery great depression & gave little thought fascist. | reaction of the United States to German and Japanese aggressions in the 1930s |
| committed the two parties not to attack each other and to remain neutral should either one be attacked by a third party. | The Hitler-Stalin Pact of August 1939 |
| World War II began with | the Japanese invasion of China in 1937. |
| Japanese army incident at Lukouchiao.to gain territorial and political concessions.Japan expected to defeat the Chinese in three months.fall of the Chinese capital Nanking was followed by the massacre of approximately 300,000 civilians. | conflict between China and Japan in 1937-1938 |
| In the late 1930s, the Chinese government moved its capital to | Chungking |
| China would not surrender.Japan would not abandon its attempts to subdue China completely.bulk of the Japanese army would remain pinned down in China throughout the war. | The war between China and Japan stalemated |
| China fought Japanese aggression alone until | Japan's attack on U.S. forces at Pearl Harbor. |
| Hitler's biggest mistake during World War II was his invasion of | the Soviet Union. |
| neutral during World War II | Sweden |
| Great Britain and France promptly declared war after Germany | invaded Poland. |
| bypassedMaginot line, reached the English Channel.France signed a document of surrender in 1940 in the same railway car used by Germany to sign the armistice in 1918.A pro-Nazi government was set up in unoccupied France, with its capital at Vichy. | German attack on and occupation of France |
| According to Albert Speer, Hitler | would have used atomic weapons against Britain. |
| expand eastward to gain land for German settlers at the expense of the Slavs.mindful of Napoleon's disastrous invasion of Russia a century earlier, he hoped to repeat his lightning strike and finish the Russians before the winter cold arrived. | Hitler's Russian campaign, |
| the sheer size of the Soviet Union and heroic defenses of key Soviet cities stymied the German advance.Leningrad held out in a 900-day siege and lost about a million people before the German threat was ended. | Hitler's Russian campaign |
| US stopped shipment of scrap iron & oil to Japan & persuaded Dutch & British to do the same. Japanese govt conquer SE Asia in order to seize needed oil & other raw materials. puppet Vichy regime had conferred on Japan de facto control of French Indochina. | Japan's situation and plans in 1940 |
| were captured by Japanese forces | the British naval base at Singapore.the Dutch East Indies.U.S. held Philippines.British Malaya. |
| U.S. & British navies cleared seas German submarines .British & American bombers, protected by fighter planes, bombing missions. destruction of overland transportation denied Germany essential raw materials & hampered the manufactured war materials. | Allied offensive against Nazi Germany |
| The tide in the Russian theater turned in favor of the Russians when | German forces were surrounded and captured at the crucial battle of Stalingrad. |
| As many civilians as military personnel died from enemy action.The powers of central governments were greatly expanded.Soviet Union employed virtually all its citizens between the ages of sixteen and fifty-five in its wartime industries. | World War II |
| Russian women were pressed into service in factories, mines, and even in combat situations. | women's roles during the Second World War |
| The decisive advantage possessed by the United States in its struggle against Japan was | much greater industrial strength. |
| Okinawa was important because | it was well placed for staging an attack on the main islands of Japan. |
| The United States dropped atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki because | determined Japanese defense at Okinawa and elsewhere convinced the Allies that millions of lives would be lost in an invasion of the home islands of Japan. |
| approximate. figures for lives lost in World War II | 26 million Soviet citizens,20 million Chinese,2 million Japanese,4 million Poles |
| most large cities in central and eastern Europe and in eastern Asia in rubble.transportation networks of most belligerent countries lay in shambles.millions of acres of farmland suffered damage.the fiscal cost of the war was estimated at $1.5 trillion. | cost of World War II |
| took place in 1945-1946.set precedents of punishment of those responsible for waging aggressive war and brutally abusing prisoners of war and noncombatants.Twelve leading Nazis were condemned to death. | the Nuremberg Trials |
| trial & condemnation of Japanese militarists waged aggressive war and had ordered atrocities against prisoners and conquered civilians.the purge of lesser figures in the government and the industrial complex who had abetted and profited from aggression | steps taken to change Japan from an aggressive and imperialistic nation to a peaceful and democratic one was |
| the repatriation of former colonial administrators and settlers.the dismantling of Japan's armed forces. | steps taken to change Japan from an aggressive and imperialistic nation to a peaceful and democratic one was |
| began in Europe as World War II came to an end.involved economic, diplomatic, and military competition between the superpowers and their allies.never escalated to direct military conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. | Cold War |
| Great Britain wished to retain its empire and the imperial economic system.The United States wanted to retain its spheres of influence in the western hemisphere and Asia. | post-World War II plans |
| The Soviet Union wished to keep Germany militarily impotent.The United States wished to construct a worldwide system of free markets. | post-World War II plans |
| Among the Allies, the country that most wanted to exact war reparations from Germany was | the Soviet Union. |
| According the Baruch Plan, suggested by the United States, | nations would stop making atomic bombs and would submit to inspection by an independent international agency. |
| principal beneficiary of the Marshall Plan | Great Britain, France.Italy. |
| The Berlin Blockade occurred chiefly because of | Soviet fears that Germany would again be unified into a strong, potential military threat. |
| was set up by Truman admin.national armed forces member nations incorporated unified military operation under U.S. commander.U.S. Strategic Air Command. air bases in western Europe.came to include even the non-Atlantic nations of Greece and Turkey. | NATO |
| 1957, Soviets, new rocket, first satellite into orbit around earth.A National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA. to push the US ahead in space race. 62-63, the United States had 450 missiles and 2,000 bombers capable of striking the Soviet Union. | onset of "the space and missile age |
| designed to prevent communism from spreading. | The Truman Doctrine |
Created by:
jchavez
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