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Islamic History
Contains famous muslim words, historical people, and events.
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hajj | Pilgramage to mecca |
| Jihad | effort in gods serivce, internal holy war. |
| Minaret | slender towers of mosques |
| Muezzin | mosque official who calls faithful prayer |
| Arabesque | intricate design of lines that suggest floral shapes. |
| Calligraphy | Art of Handwriting |
| Rajah | hindu ruler |
| Kaaba | Ancient Shrine thought to have been built by Abraham |
| Monothiestic | one god (Allah in Islam) |
| Oasis | fertile land in Desert |
| Abu Bakr | an early islam convert, helped reunite the almost collapsing religion after Muhammads death |
| Caliph | Sucessor of Muhammad |
| First Caliph | Abu Bakr |
| Battle of Tours | Battle in which the muslims had finally been defeated in france in 732 |
| True or False-Muslims tule reached into africa, asia, and europe? | True |
| True or False-Muhammad was reincarnated during the battle of Tours? | False |
| Ali | Muhammads Son-in-law |
| Fatima | Muhammads Daughter |
| Fourth Caliph | Ali |
| Three Main Groups of Islamic Belief | Sunni, Shiite, Sufi |
| Sufi | Saught communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. Helped spread islam through missionary work. They went to rural villages and blended islam with local traditions |
| Umayyads | a family that set up a dynasty after Ali's death, it ranged until 750. Often relied on educated jews, greeks, and persons to help govern. Shiites hate ummayyads becasue of the killings of ali and his son. non-arab converts seemed to have fewer right. |
| Abassids | Captured Damascus in 750. A general invited all of the ummayads to a banquet, and kill them. This Dynasty lasted until 1258. This helped islam become a univerasl religion. it reached a Golden Age, having greatest wealth and power they would have, the peak |
| Harun-al Rashid | Ruled from 786-809, Baghdad reaches its peak under this ruler know for his Kindness, wealth, and encouragement for studies. Viewed as symbol for wealth and splendor |
| Seljuk | Migrated into Middle East from Central Asia, made a large empire on the fertile cresent. By 1055, seljuk sultan ruled Baghdad, but left abassid caliph as a figurehead. |
| Salah al-Din/Saladin | ousted christians for Jeruselum in 1187, but was talen bacl after his death. |
| Hulagu | Grandson of Ghengiz Khan, burned and looted Baghdad, killing last abassid Caliph. Then mongols converted to islam. |
| Tamerlane/Timur the Lame | Mongol leader, conquered muslim and nonmuslim lands, he was muslim. His armies overran persia and mspotamia, then russia and india. |
| al-Mumun | Caliph who set up library and univeristy in baghdad, inspired by dream in which he meets aristotle. Had scholors translate classical works |
| Omar Kayyam | famous muslim scholar and astronomer, put toghether "The Rubaiyat" collection of four line poems. |
| "Ships of the Desert" | Camel Caravans |
| Firdawsi | wrote in persian using arabic script "Shah Namah" or "The Book of Kings" |
| Averoes(Ibn Rushd) | put all knowledge to test for reason(except quran) |
| al-Khwarizmi | pioneered the study of algebra(al-jabr) |
| Muhammad al-Razi | wrote books on measles and small pox |
| Avicenna(Ibn Sina) | 16 years old, wrote Canon on Medicene, with over 4000 prescriptions. |
| Social Mobility | ability to move up in social means |
| Sikhism | blend of hiduism and islam |
| Babur | military genius, poet, and author. Claimed to be descendent of Ghengiz Kanh and Tamerlane. Set up Mughal dynasty |
| Akbar the great | Babur's grandson, created strong central government. Extremely tolerant of hindues. Stopped tax on non muslims,. Illiterate. Used paid officials instead of hereditary officeholders. |
| Taj Mahal | tomb to akbar's grandson, Shah Muhal's wife, Mumtaz Muhal. |
| Caste | a social status that you are born into. |
| Ottomans | turkish speaking nomadic people who established a capital in the Balkan Peninsula. |
| Millet | religious Community |
| Janizaries | elite force in ottoman army. |
| Sinan | A Janizary Military Engineer, constructed many mosques and buildings |
| Safafids | Shiite Muslims with strong empires in Persia(Iran) |
| Shah | king |
| Isfahan | built by abbas, new capital, international silk trade. |
| Abbas the Great | Safavid shah(king) tollerant of non muslims, sought alliences with wuropean states, made isfahan flourish into persian culture center. Would like to blend in with the crowd and ask stories, if he heard of corruption, he punished the guilty. |
Created by:
Bobervin
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